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...y of the General Councils, 325–1870'' (1964) by Philip Hughes</ref> At the Council, the central question was whether Christ and God were one, or whether inste ...ng like official power in the vicinity of the Vatican Hill in Rome. In the 4th century, the Vatican was little more than a church and cemetery by the side

...the exact same way that modern priests are addressed as "Father"). In the 4th and 5th centuries, ''pappas'' (Latinized as ''papa'', a form still preserve ...chbishop was given precedence immediately after the Roman pontiff by the [[Council of Nicea]], and adopted the title "Pope of Alexandria," which still forms a