Difference between revisions of "Jesus Christ"

From WikiChristian
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
''In brief'': Jesus of Nazareth is called by his followers "Christ Jesus" and "Jesus Christ" and believed by them to be the [[Saviour]] foretold in the sacred Hebrew Scriptures that they refer to as "The [[Old Testament]]" of the [[Bible|Holy Bible]]. The title [[Christ]] is derived from the Greek word "''Christos''" (meaning "Anointed One" which implies "Anointed King") that the Greek translations use in place of the Hebrew word for [[Messiah]]. After him his followers are called "Christians" and their [[monotheistic]] way of religious living "Christianity" which today is comprised of several denominations (e.g. [[Roman Catholic]], [[Orthodox]], [[Anglicans]]). Jesus himself spoke of them as his "ekklesia", using the Old Testament term for the [[People of God]], a word that is reflected in the English word [[Church]].
+
{{quote | text={{Bible verse|acts|2|22|lang=WEB}} {{Bible verse|acts|2|23|lang=WEB}} {{Bible verse|acts|2|24|lang=WEB}} ([[Acts 2]]:22-24)}}
 +
{{Infobox_Contents |
 +
  topic_name = Jesus
 +
[[Image:Cristo Velázquez lou2.jpg|thumb|center|Crucifixion by Diego Velázquez]] |
 +
  subtopics = [[Christology]] - [[Nature of Christ]] (Hypostatic union), Deity of Christ - [[Jesus: Our Lord and God]], [[Jesus: The man]]
 +
* [[Historical evidence of Jesus Christ]]
 +
* [[Events in the life of Jesus]]
 +
** [[Birth of Jesus]]
 +
** [[Baptism of Jesus]]
 +
** [[Miracles of Jesus]], [[Parables of Jesus]], [[Teachings of Jesus]]
 +
** The Crucifixion - [[Death of Jesus]]
 +
** [[Resurrection of Jesus]]
 +
**  [[Ascension of Christ]]
 +
* [[Grace]], [[Justification]], [[Salvation]], [[Forgiveness]]
 +
* [[God]]
 +
* Titles for Jesus - [[Christ]] (Messiah), [[Emmanuel]], [[Son of God]], [[Son of Man]]
 +
* [[Gospels]] |
 +
  opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
 +
* {{ebd}}
 +
* [[Jesus (compass)]]
 +
* [[John 11 - Our response to Jesus (G.G.)]]
 +
* [[Jesus is Lord - a call to radical discipleship (Notes compiled by a listener at an address given by John Stott in 2003)|Jesus is Lord (Notes from a John Stott Talk)]]
 +
* [[One solitary life (anon)]] |
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
'''Jesus''' (also known as '''Jesus Christ''' or '''Jesus of Nazareth''') is the central figure of [[Christianity]]. He is fully [[God]] and fully man, the eternal Creator who entered His creation to redeem it, and the risen Lord who reigns today. He lived a sinless life, died on the cross for the sins of humanity, and rose again on the third day. Faith in Him brings [[salvation]] ([[John 3:16]]; [[Acts 4:12]]).
 +
 
 +
[[Christology]] is the branch of theology that studies the person and work of Jesus Christ.
 +
 
 +
===Name===
 +
 
 +
Jesus is the English form of the Greek ''Iēsous'', itself a translation of the Hebrew ''Yeshua'' (or Joshua), meaning “Yahweh is salvation” ([[Matthew 1:21]]).
 +
 
 +
[[Christ]] is a title, not His surname, and means “Anointed One”. It is equivalent to the Hebrew Messiah and signifies His appointment as Prophet, Priest and King. Other titles include [[Son of God]] ([[John 1:49]]), [[Son of Man]] ([[Mark 10:45]]), Lamb of God ([[John 1:29]]) and Son of David ([[Matthew 1:1]]).
 +
 
 +
===The Pre-Existence of Christ===
 +
 
 +
Jesus did not come into existence at His birth, but existed eternally as God the Son ([[John 1]]:1–3; [[Colossians 1]]:16–17). He shared in the glory of the Father before the world began ([[John 17:5]]) and participated in creation itself. His incarnation was an act of humility and grace ([[Philippians 2]]:5–8).
 +
 
 +
===[[Nature of Christ]]===
 +
 
 +
Jesus is God in human flesh ([[John 1:1]]; [[John 1:14]]). The doctrine known as the [[hypostatic union]] teaches that He is one person with two natures: fully divine and fully human. He is not half God and half man.
 +
 
 +
Scripture affirms His deity ([[Titus 2:13]]) and His humanity ([[Hebrews 2:14]]; [[1 Timothy 2:5]]). In Him all the fullness of God dwells ([[Colossians 1:19]]), yet He experienced human weakness and temptation, without sin ([[Hebrews 4:15]]).
 +
 
 +
Understanding this completely is not possible in this life. Disagreements regarding Christ's nature have occurred since the times of the early [[church]], causing considerable tension at times.
 +
 
 +
===[[Historical evidence of Jesus Christ]]===
 +
 
 +
Many historians, including non-Christian historians, agree that there is good [[Historicity of Jesus|historical evidence of the life and crucifixion of Jesus]]. Apart from the Bible, references to Jesus occur in historical texts, including the writings of Tacitus and Josephus.
 +
 
 +
Within a few years of His death, His followers were boldly proclaiming His resurrection. The early Christian movement grew throughout the Roman Empire despite opposition and persecution.
 +
 
 +
===[[Birth of Jesus]]===
 +
 
 +
Jesus was born in [[Bethlehem]], probably between 6 and 4 BC ([[Luke 2]]:4–7). His mother, [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]], was a virgin, and His conception was by the Holy Spirit ([[Matthew 1]]:18–23; [[Luke 1]]:26–35), fulfilling [[Isaiah 7:14]]. [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]], His earthly father, was a carpenter from Nazareth in Galilee.
 +
 
 +
His family fled to [[Egypt]] to escape [[Herod the Great]] before settling in [[Nazareth]]. Jesus grew up in Galilee, in the region historically known as [[Palestine]], and worked as a carpenter.
 +
 
 +
The precise date of His birth is unknown, but it is celebrated at [[Christmas]].
 +
 
 +
===[[Teachings of Jesus]]===
 +
 
 +
Jesus was a remarkable teacher. Throughout the [[Gospels]], people frequently addressed Him as “Teacher”. He taught with divine authority, calling people to [[repentance]] from [[sin]] and faith in the good news ([[Mark 1:15]]).
 +
 
 +
====Sermons and statements====
 +
 
 +
Most of the direct teaching of Jesus is recorded in the four Gospels: the [[Gospel of Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke]] and [[Gospel of John]].
 +
 
 +
One of the best-known sections is the [[Sermon on the Mount]], where Jesus called His followers to love God, their neighbours and even their enemies. He taught with authority, declaring, “You have heard that it was said … but I say to you” ([[Matthew 5]]:21–22).
  
−
According to the [[birth narratives]] in the [[New Testament canon|canonical]] Gospel accounts of [[Gospel according to Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel according to Luke|Luke]] of the Christian [[New Testament]] Jesus had been conceived by [[Mary]] of [[Nazareth]] in [[Galilee]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], the power of [[Names of God|the Most High God]], after she had become the betrothed wife of [[Joseph (father of Jesus)|Joseph]] of the House of [[David]] but before her husband had taken her home, which is the concluding marriage rite that permits a Jewish couple to live together and have conjugal relations. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that Mary and Joseph therefore never consummated their marriage. Their son was born around 4 BC whilst his parents were visiting [[Bethlehem]] in [[Judea]] to fulfil their civic duty of enrolment; and Joseph duly named him "Jesus" in obedience to the angel [[Gabriel]]'s bidding, to signify that he is the one who will [[Saviour|save]] his people from their [[sin|sins]]. After a short exile in [[Egypt]] the family eventually returned to Nazareth where he grew up. The four canonical Gospel accounts of [[Gospel according to Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel according to Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel according to Luke|Luke]] and [[Gospel according to John|John]] are silent about his adult life until [[John the Baptist]] publicly witnessed to him being the [[Lamb of God]], whereafter he unsuccessfully claimed his rightful inheritance during the incident called "The Cleansing of the Temple", proclaimed the [[Gospel|Good News]] of God's love and taught that [[repentance]] for the forgiveness of [[sins]] is to be proclaimed in his name to all the nations beginning from [[Jerusalem]]. The same Christian authoritative sources relate that, after a short public ministry, during the procuratorship of [[Pontius Pilate]], on the day before [[Passover]], he was [[crucified]] and [[Death of Jesus|died]] on [[Golgotha]], then just outside Jerusalem, but [[Resurrection|rose from the dead]] on the third day and, after showing himself alive on many occasions, was [[Ascension|lifted up into Heaven]] before the eyes of the [[Apostles]] whom he had carefully [[Teaching of Jesus|taught]] and appointed to be the [[witnesses]] of all this.
+
His teaching emphasised [[love]] for God and neighbour ([[Matthew 22]]:37–39). He also taught that only through Him could a person come to the Father ([[John 14:6]]).
  
−
Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is alive today. Most of them other than [[Arians]] believe that he is both [[God]] and man (that is to say, "man" in the sense of a human being) according to [[The Nature of Christ|the nature]] and the Second Person in the Blessed [[Trinity]] that is the One God. They believe that through him the whole world and all that is in it has been created. They believe his [[Teaching of Jesus|teaching]] that his death [[Atonement|atones]] for the sins of all humanity, and that their belief that he is the Christ, the [[Son of God]], and being [[Baptism|baptised]] in his name will bring them to [[Eternal Life]] (cf. John 20:31).
+
====[[Miracles of Jesus]]====
  
−
There is a paucity of incontrovertible contemporary or near contemporary non-Christian witnesses to Jesus, yet few Christians doubt that he is a historical personage. Many modern Christian scholars argue, however, that not everything related in the four canonical Gospel accounts is historically true and consider those to be [[Fundamentalists]] who continue to support their historicity, that traditionally has been maintained by the Roman Catholic Church (most recently in [[Vatican II]]'s Apostolic Constitution on Divine Revelation [[Dei Verbum]]).
+
The [[gospel]] accounts of [[Jesus]]' life record numerous miracles. He healed the sick, gave sight to the blind, cast out demons, calmed storms, fed the hungry and raised the dead.
  
−
Jesus of Nazareth is highly regarded by some other religions, e.g. [[Islam]].
+
These miracles testify to the [[deity of Christ]] and express His compassion. They are signs of the [[Kingdom of God]] breaking into the world ([[Luke 11:20]]). John recorded these signs so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and have life in His name ([[John 20]]:30–31).
  
 +
====[[Parables of Jesus]]====
  
−
----
+
Jesus often taught through illustrations and stories called parables. His parables tell of the Kingdom of God and the nature of God, using familiar situations from everyday life.
  
 +
The [[Good Samaritan]] teaches love for one's neighbour ([[Luke 10]]:25–37), and the [[Prodigal Son]] teaches about God's welcoming love. The Parable of the Sower describes different responses to the gospel ([[Matthew 13]]:1–23).
  
−
'''Overviews'''
+
Sometimes the meaning is clear; at other times it is hidden. Jesus used parables both to reveal truth to those with faith and to conceal it from the hard-hearted ([[Matthew 13]]:10–17).
−
* [[An introduction to the Christian understanding of Jesus]]
+
 
−
* [[Jesus Christ (theopedia)]]
+
===[[Death of Jesus]]===
−
* [[Bible Dictionary: Jesus]]
+
 
−
* [[Bible Dictionary: Christ]]
+
[[Jesus]] was crucified in [[Jerusalem]] around AD 30 under the Roman governor [[Pontius Pilate]]. His teaching brought Him into conflict with religious leaders, including some of the [[Pharisees]], and He was accused of [[blasphemy]] because of His claims about His identity.
−
* [[Jesus (compass)]]
+
 
 +
Jesus willingly laid down His life ([[John 10]]:17–18). He bore the [[sin]]s of humanity so that we could be reconciled to [[God]] ([[Isaiah 53]]:5–6; [[2 Corinthians 5:21]]). Through the cross, God's justice against sin and His mercy towards sinners meet.
 +
 
 +
His death is remembered on [[Good Friday]], but it is not the end of the story.
 +
 
 +
===[[Resurrection of Jesus]]===
 +
 
 +
On the third day after His death, Jesus rose bodily from the grave, as He had foretold ([[Matthew 16:21]]; [[Luke 24]]:6–7). He appeared to His [[Disciples of Jesus|disciples]] and other witnesses over a period of forty days ([[1 Corinthians 15]]:3–8; [[Acts 1:3]]).
 +
 
 +
His resurrection vindicated His claims, demonstrated His victory over death, and guarantees the future resurrection of believers ([[1 Corinthians 15]]:20–22).
 +
 
 +
He sent His disciples out into the world. Today, millions know the risen Lord and celebrate His resurrection on [[Easter Sunday]].
 +
 
 +
===Ascension and Present Ministry of Christ===
 +
 
 +
Forty days after His resurrection, Jesus ascended into heaven ([[Acts 1]]:9–11). Following the [[Ascension of Christ]], He reigns at the right hand of the Father ([[Hebrews 1:3]]).
 +
 
 +
He intercedes for His people ([[Romans 8:34]]; [[Hebrews 7:25]]), sends the Holy Spirit ([[John 16:7]]), and prepares a place for His followers ([[John 14]]:2–3).
 +
 
 +
===Bible Prophecies Regarding Jesus===
 +
 
 +
There are numerous prophecies about Christ in the [[Old Testament]]. These [[Messianic Prophecy|Messianic Prophecies]] were fulfilled in Jesus.
 +
 
 +
[[Isaiah 53]] describes the suffering servant who bears the sins of many. [[Psalm 22]] describes suffering fulfilled in His crucifixion. [[Micah 5:2]] foretells His birth in Bethlehem, and [[Zechariah 9:9]] predicts His humble entry into Jerusalem.
 +
 
 +
These fulfilments affirm the divine inspiration of Scripture and the identity of Jesus as the promised Messiah.
  
 +
===Second Coming of Christ===
  
−
'''Topics'''
+
Jesus will return in glory to judge the living and the dead ([[Matthew 25]]:31–46; [[Revelation 19]]:11–16). His return will bring final justice and the new heavens and new earth ([[Revelation 21]]:1–5). This is the blessed hope of believers ([[Titus 2:13]]).
−
* [[The nature of Christ]]
 
−
* [[Jesus, our Lord and God]]
 
−
* [[Historical evidence Jesus Christ]]
 
−
* [[Jesus, the man]]
 
−
* [[The birth of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[The miracles of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[The parables of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[The teachings of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[The death of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[The resurrection of Jesus]]
 
−
* [[Ascension of Christ]]
 
−
* [[Jesus: Miscellaneous topics]]
 
  
 +
==Quotes==
  
−
'''Articles / opinions'''
+
'''[[John 11:35]]'''
−
* [[Comments about Jesus Christ]]
+
: ''{{Bible verse|John|11|35|lang=WEB}}''
  
 +
'''Anonymous Quote'''
 +
: ''No Jesus, No peace; Know Jesus, Know peace.''
  
−
'''Quotes'''
+
'''Blaise Pascal'''
−
* [[Bible quotes about Jesus]]
+
: ''There is a God shaped vacuum in the heart of every man which cannot be filled by any created thing, but only by God, the Creator, made known through Jesus.''
−
* [[Quotes about Jesus]]
 
  
 +
'''Mark Potter'''
 +
: ''Jesus, like any good fisherman, first catches the fish; then He cleans them''
  
−
'''See also'''
+
'''[[Karl Barth]]'''
−
* [[Justification, salvation and grace|What are grace, salvation and justification]]
+
: ''Jesus does not give recipes that show the way to God as other teachers of religion do. He is himself the way.''
−
* [[God]]
 
  
 +
==Links==
 +
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus Wikipedia - Jesus]
 +
* [http://docs.google.com/View?docid=ddn4v5jr_115hfvz3v Sermon - Matthew 16 - Who is Jesus?]
 +
* [http://www.thinkapologetics.com ThinkApologetics.com]
  
−
----
+
==Video==
 +
<YouTube>
 +
title=The Life of Jesus Christ, Full Movie
 +
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-ZcbjLBtls
 +
&rel=1
 +
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/o-ZcbjLBtls
 +
&rel=1
 +
wrap = yes
 +
width=500
 +
height=400
 +
</YouTube>
  
 +
{{returnto}} [[Christianity]] -> [[God]]
  
−
Go to the [[God]] contents page
+
[[Category:Jesus]]
 +
[[Category:Trinity]]
 +
[[Category:Videos]]
 +
[[Category:Pages with YouTube content]]

Latest revision as of 02:31, 18 October 2026

"Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him in the midst of you, even as you yourselves know, him, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed; whom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it. (Acts 2:22-24)
Jesus
Crucifixion by Diego Velázquez
RELATED TOPICS
SERMONS, ESSAYS AND OPINIONS
CONTENTS

Jesus (also known as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth) is the central figure of Christianity. He is fully God and fully man, the eternal Creator who entered His creation to redeem it, and the risen Lord who reigns today. He lived a sinless life, died on the cross for the sins of humanity, and rose again on the third day. Faith in Him brings salvation (John 3:16; Acts 4:12).

Christology is the branch of theology that studies the person and work of Jesus Christ.

Name

Jesus is the English form of the Greek Iēsous, itself a translation of the Hebrew Yeshua (or Joshua), meaning “Yahweh is salvation” (Matthew 1:21).

Christ is a title, not His surname, and means “Anointed One”. It is equivalent to the Hebrew Messiah and signifies His appointment as Prophet, Priest and King. Other titles include Son of God (John 1:49), Son of Man (Mark 10:45), Lamb of God (John 1:29) and Son of David (Matthew 1:1).

The Pre-Existence of Christ

Jesus did not come into existence at His birth, but existed eternally as God the Son (John 1:1–3; Colossians 1:16–17). He shared in the glory of the Father before the world began (John 17:5) and participated in creation itself. His incarnation was an act of humility and grace (Philippians 2:5–8).

Nature of Christ

Jesus is God in human flesh (John 1:1; John 1:14). The doctrine known as the hypostatic union teaches that He is one person with two natures: fully divine and fully human. He is not half God and half man.

Scripture affirms His deity (Titus 2:13) and His humanity (Hebrews 2:14; 1 Timothy 2:5). In Him all the fullness of God dwells (Colossians 1:19), yet He experienced human weakness and temptation, without sin (Hebrews 4:15).

Understanding this completely is not possible in this life. Disagreements regarding Christ's nature have occurred since the times of the early church, causing considerable tension at times.

Historical evidence of Jesus Christ

Many historians, including non-Christian historians, agree that there is good historical evidence of the life and crucifixion of Jesus. Apart from the Bible, references to Jesus occur in historical texts, including the writings of Tacitus and Josephus.

Within a few years of His death, His followers were boldly proclaiming His resurrection. The early Christian movement grew throughout the Roman Empire despite opposition and persecution.

Birth of Jesus

Jesus was born in Bethlehem, probably between 6 and 4 BC (Luke 2:4–7). His mother, Mary, was a virgin, and His conception was by the Holy Spirit (Matthew 1:18–23; Luke 1:26–35), fulfilling Isaiah 7:14. Joseph, His earthly father, was a carpenter from Nazareth in Galilee.

His family fled to Egypt to escape Herod the Great before settling in Nazareth. Jesus grew up in Galilee, in the region historically known as Palestine, and worked as a carpenter.

The precise date of His birth is unknown, but it is celebrated at Christmas.

Teachings of Jesus

Jesus was a remarkable teacher. Throughout the Gospels, people frequently addressed Him as “Teacher”. He taught with divine authority, calling people to repentance from sin and faith in the good news (Mark 1:15).

Sermons and statements

Most of the direct teaching of Jesus is recorded in the four Gospels: the Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Luke and Gospel of John.

One of the best-known sections is the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus called His followers to love God, their neighbours and even their enemies. He taught with authority, declaring, “You have heard that it was said … but I say to you” (Matthew 5:21–22).

His teaching emphasised love for God and neighbour (Matthew 22:37–39). He also taught that only through Him could a person come to the Father (John 14:6).

Miracles of Jesus

The gospel accounts of Jesus' life record numerous miracles. He healed the sick, gave sight to the blind, cast out demons, calmed storms, fed the hungry and raised the dead.

These miracles testify to the deity of Christ and express His compassion. They are signs of the Kingdom of God breaking into the world (Luke 11:20). John recorded these signs so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and have life in His name (John 20:30–31).

Parables of Jesus

Jesus often taught through illustrations and stories called parables. His parables tell of the Kingdom of God and the nature of God, using familiar situations from everyday life.

The Good Samaritan teaches love for one's neighbour (Luke 10:25–37), and the Prodigal Son teaches about God's welcoming love. The Parable of the Sower describes different responses to the gospel (Matthew 13:1–23).

Sometimes the meaning is clear; at other times it is hidden. Jesus used parables both to reveal truth to those with faith and to conceal it from the hard-hearted (Matthew 13:10–17).

Death of Jesus

Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem around AD 30 under the Roman governor Pontius Pilate. His teaching brought Him into conflict with religious leaders, including some of the Pharisees, and He was accused of blasphemy because of His claims about His identity.

Jesus willingly laid down His life (John 10:17–18). He bore the sins of humanity so that we could be reconciled to God (Isaiah 53:5–6; 2 Corinthians 5:21). Through the cross, God's justice against sin and His mercy towards sinners meet.

His death is remembered on Good Friday, but it is not the end of the story.

Resurrection of Jesus

On the third day after His death, Jesus rose bodily from the grave, as He had foretold (Matthew 16:21; Luke 24:6–7). He appeared to His disciples and other witnesses over a period of forty days (1 Corinthians 15:3–8; Acts 1:3).

His resurrection vindicated His claims, demonstrated His victory over death, and guarantees the future resurrection of believers (1 Corinthians 15:20–22).

He sent His disciples out into the world. Today, millions know the risen Lord and celebrate His resurrection on Easter Sunday.

Ascension and Present Ministry of Christ

Forty days after His resurrection, Jesus ascended into heaven (Acts 1:9–11). Following the Ascension of Christ, He reigns at the right hand of the Father (Hebrews 1:3).

He intercedes for His people (Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25), sends the Holy Spirit (John 16:7), and prepares a place for His followers (John 14:2–3).

Bible Prophecies Regarding Jesus

There are numerous prophecies about Christ in the Old Testament. These Messianic Prophecies were fulfilled in Jesus.

Isaiah 53 describes the suffering servant who bears the sins of many. Psalm 22 describes suffering fulfilled in His crucifixion. Micah 5:2 foretells His birth in Bethlehem, and Zechariah 9:9 predicts His humble entry into Jerusalem.

These fulfilments affirm the divine inspiration of Scripture and the identity of Jesus as the promised Messiah.

Second Coming of Christ

Jesus will return in glory to judge the living and the dead (Matthew 25:31–46; Revelation 19:11–16). His return will bring final justice and the new heavens and new earth (Revelation 21:1–5). This is the blessed hope of believers (Titus 2:13).

Quotes

John 11:35

Jesus wept.

Anonymous Quote

No Jesus, No peace; Know Jesus, Know peace.

Blaise Pascal

There is a God shaped vacuum in the heart of every man which cannot be filled by any created thing, but only by God, the Creator, made known through Jesus.

Mark Potter

Jesus, like any good fisherman, first catches the fish; then He cleans them

Karl Barth

Jesus does not give recipes that show the way to God as other teachers of religion do. He is himself the way.

Links

Video


Return to Christianity -> God

Retrieved from "http://www.wikichristian.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Jesus_Christ&oldid=1116520"