Head Covering: Bushnell View - Revision history

Kathleen.wright5: Category:Christian doctrine and debates

2009-12-11T18:35:39Z

Category:Christian doctrine and debates

P.B. Pilhet: Reverted edits by ThiestSon (Talk); changed back to last version by Cleaner

2009-05-22T12:40:15Z

Reverted edits by ThiestSon (Talk); changed back to last version by Cleaner

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ThiestSon at 12:35, 22 May 2009

2009-05-22T12:35:42Z

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Cleaner at 19:24, 18 August 2008

2008-08-18T19:24:31Z

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Muser at 17:42, 15 July 2008

2008-07-15T17:42:28Z

Muser at 04:10, 15 July 2008

2008-07-15T04:10:13Z

Muser at 04:08, 15 July 2008

2008-07-15T04:08:38Z

JBJ: explained new translation and interpretation outcomes from it

2005-09-05T19:34:44Z

explained new translation and interpretation outcomes from it

JBJ: /* Translation */

2005-09-05T18:13:55Z

‎Translation

JBJ: A good start!

2005-09-05T10:55:40Z

A good start!

New page

The Bushnell view is an informal label for the view that in 1 Corinthians 11, [[Paul]] does not command women to cover their heads, but discourages it. In this view, Paul allows women to cover if neccessary for their husband's sake, but forbids covering otherwise. The same conclusion is found by John Lightfoot and William Welty. The original and in depth view can be found in [[God's Word to Women]] by [[Katherine Bushnell]], lessons 29-35.

The foundation of this view is not of interpretation, but translation. Most of the translation error is because [[Koine Greek]] has no puncuation, thus it does not clearly show quotations, the ending of sentences, and questions. All of these are put in place by the translator.

==Problems with Traditional Translation==
When using the traditional translation, several problems and contradictions arise. For these reasons alone we must interpret that Paul is not commanding the covering of women. Bushnell's view eliminates all these problems.

===Verse 4, "Dishonors his Head"===
If a man dishonors his Head, Christ, by covering it, then woman, whose Head is Christ also, would dishonor her Head, Christ, by covering it. This implies women should uncover.

===Verse 7, "Image of God"===
If a man should uncover because he is in the image of God, then woman, who is in the image of God, should uncover also. This implies women should uncover.

===Verse 10, "Because of the Angels"===
The first problem is discovering what is meant in verse 10 by "because of the angels." Scholars seem to agree there is no obvious interpretation.

===Verse 10, "Must have Authority"===
Paul commands women to have authority on their head. What is the "authority?" By context, it can only possibly be a head covering, or a lack of a head covering. By reasoning, a head covering is not a sign of authority; Paul forbids the men from covering because their covering a sign of sin, which makes slaves of its owners. Thus Paul must be ordering women to uncover as a sign of their authority.

===Verses 11, 12, "Man and Woman United"===
These verses say that man and woman are together. Why would Paul include this in a passage where he treats men and women differently? The verses are an arguement that the same rule applies to women as to men, implying that women should unveil as well.

===Verse 13, "Judge for Yourselves===
Paul write the lengthy letter of 1 Corinthians mostly to teach and correct. The Corinthian church is divisive, arrogant (1 Cor 4:18), houses a sexually immoral man (5:1), and Paul implies they are at least tempted by prostitution (6:16). This is not a group Paul would trust to make their own conclusions concerning women ("judge for yourselves"). Moreover, he would not write this passage instructing them on covering if he later told them to decide for themselves.

===Verse 14, Nature's Teaching ===
An honest attempt to answer Paul's question, "Does nature teach . . ." will yield an undeniable "No." It is not a shame for man to have long hair; the Nazarite vow (Numbers 6:5) certainly deny this. If anything, Nature teaches that everyone should have long hair, because, left on its own, anyone's hair will grow long.

===Verse 16, "No such Custom"===
Paul denies that neither he nor other churches have "such custom." What custom is he refering to? It must be the custom of covering, for no other custom is mentioned. Thus he has contradicted himself, or at least, the view that he is commanding covering.

===The Contemporary view===
Interpreting the passage as cultural and temporary brings the problemm that much of Paul's evidence is not cultural, but theological. Things like man and woman being binded together, the woman being created for man, and nature are not temporary but eternal. If Paul uses eternal arguements, his conclusion must be eternal.

==Translation==
The American Standard Version translates relatively the same as all other well known translations. The following compares this with Bushnell's translation and explains her reasons.

===Translation Comparison===
Note that Bushnell's words within brackets '''[ ]''' are intended as aided interpretation. If a reader where comfortable with her translation and interpretation, these thoughts would occur mentally while reading. They are not intended as insertions to the text; that is, if it were published within a complete translation of the Bible, they would be removed or used only in footnotes. Note also that the many minor differences between the texts are simply the result of different paths of translation. Ideally, a comparison would be made between the Revised Standard Version which Bushnell usually used herself and probably used to aid her in this translation.

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
|width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|
!width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Traditional Translation (ASV)
!width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Bushnell Translation
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(3)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But I wish you to understand that of every [Christian] man Christ is the Head; but of a wife the husband is a head [also]; and God is Christ's Head.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(4)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoreth his head.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Any [Christian] man praying or prophesying, having his head covered [as is required among the Jews, in sign of guilt and condemnation] dishonors his Head [Christ, who has atoned for all his sins].
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(5)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But every woman praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonoreth her head; for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven. For if a woman is not veiled, let her also be shorn:
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But any wife praying or prophesying bareheaded dishonors her [other] head [her husband], for it would be one and the same thing as [having] her head shaved.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(6)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|but if it is a shame to a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be veiled.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For [Jewish law provides that] if a woman is not covered, let her be shorn. Now if it would bring disgrace to a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be covered.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(7)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For a man indeed ought not to have his head veiled, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For a [Christian] man ought not to veil the head because he is the image and glory of God. But woman is [also] the glory of man.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(8)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For a man indeed ought not to have his head veiled, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man. For the man is not of the woman; but the woman of the man:
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For man is not originally from woman [as from a despised and inferior source], but woman is from man.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(9)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| for neither was the man created for the woman; but the woman for the man:
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Nor was the man created for the woman [to help her], but the woman for the man [to help him].
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(10)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| for this cause ought the woman to have a sign of authority on her head, because of the angels.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For this [additional] cause ought the woman to have authority over her head [to unveil it] because of her angels [who always behold God's face].
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(11)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| Nevertheless, neither is the woman without the man, nor the man without the woman, in the Lord.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Nevertheless, in the Lord, [i.e. among believers,] the woman is not [to be legislated for] apart from the man, nor the man from the woman.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(12)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| For as the woman is of the man, so is the man also by the woman; but all things are of God.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For just as woman came out of man, so is man [born into the world] through woman and all Christians born of God. Judge of this matter among yourselves.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(13)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Judge ye in yourselves: is it seemly that a woman pray unto God unveiled?
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"| It is proper for a woman [at least] to pray unto God unveiled.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(14)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|Nor is there anything in the nature of hair itself that teaches you that if a man wear it long it is a dishonor to him, while if a woman have long hair it is a glory to her, for her hair has been given her instead of a veil.
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(15)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But if a woman have long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|
|-----
!width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(16)
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But if any man seemeth to be contentious, we have no such custom, neither the churches of God.
|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But if anyone thinks to be contentious [in defense of such a custom as either men or women veiling for worship], let him know that "we have no such custom, neither the Churches of God."
|}

==See Also==
[http://williamwelty.com/docs/rethinking_the_veil.pdf Rethinking the Veil] William Welty agrees with Bushnell; in pdf format.

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 As noted above, in the Jewish tradition it was suitable punishment to shave the head of a women accused of adultery, as would an uncovered women would likely be if she were married to a non-Jew. It was unusual for Paul to agree with any Jewish tradition, let alone not directly connected with the [[Messiah]]. It also strange that Paul would say "If it is a shame . . ." after mentioning why it would so shameful.
-To harmonize with Paul's arguements against veiling, Bushnell interprets that Paul is refering to Jewish tradition, not his own ruling.  A different translation could be to insert quotation marks beginning with verse 5 and ending after the first sentence of verse 6.  Thus in the latter part of verse 6 Paul is not being redundant, he is responding to the Jewish tradition.
+To harmonize with Paul's arguments against veiling, Bushnell interprets that Paul is referring to Jewish tradition, not his own ruling.  A different translation could be to insert quotation marks beginning with verse 5 and ending after the first sentence of verse 6.  Thus in the latter part of verse 6 Paul is not being redundant, he is responding to the Jewish tradition.
 ===Verse 10, "Her Angels"===
-The correct translation is "her," not "the." Paul says that angels are inferior to humans (1 Corinthians 6:3) and Jesus says, "in heaven their [children's] angels do always behold the face of My Father." Paul's arguement is that if angels are not veiled before God, neither should women who are above the angels.
+According to the Bushnell view, the correct translation is "her" and not "the". Thus Paul is saying that angels are inferior to humans (1 Corinthians 6:3) and Jesus says, "in heaven their [children's] angels do always behold the face of My Father" and so Paul's argument is that if angels are not veiled before God, neither should women who are above the angels.
 ===Verse 12, "Judge for Yourselves"===
-Koine Greek does not separate words into sentences, much less into verses. Both were added later by scribes and translators interpreting the text. Thus the phrase "judge for yourselves" could belong and apply to verse 12 or verse 13.  Because Paul would not trust the Corinthians to judge such a hard issue as covering, but he would trust them to judge a simple one like verse 12, Bushnell moves it to verse 12.  Thus there is no colon but simply a period, completing the thought.
+In the original Greek the text sentences are not clearly demarcated and verses didn't exist. Both of these features were added later by scribes and translators interpreting the text. Thus the phrase "judge for yourselves" could belong and apply to verse 12 or verse 13.  Bushnell believes that Paul would not trust the Corinthians to judge such a hard issue as covering, but he would trust them to judge a simple one like verse 12, Bushnell moves it to verse 12.  Thus there is no colon but simply a period, completing the thought.
 ===Verse 13, "It Is Proper"===
-This is the most difficult verse.  Because Koine Greek contained no marks ending a sentence, the question mark in traditional translations could also be a period or an exclamation mark.  The first word of verse 13 is literally translated "it is." Where English reverses these words to form a question, Greek had no such method.  Thus the only way to tell between a simple statement and question was context; if spoken, it could be known through inflection of voice, as in English.  To harmonize with the rest of the passage, and because there is little sense in Paul asking about what he is teaching, Bushnell translates this as a statement.   "It is proper for a woman to pray unto God unveiled."
+This is a difficult verse to translate.  Because Koine Greek contained no marks ending a sentence, the question mark in traditional translations could also be a period or an exclamation mark.  The first word of verse 13 is literally translated "it is". Where English reverses these words to form a question, Greek had no such method.  Thus the only way to tell between a simple statement and question was context; if spoken, it could be known through inflection of voice, as in English.  To harmonize with the rest of the passage, and because there is little sense in Paul asking about what he is teaching, Bushnell translates this as a statement: "It is proper for a woman to pray unto God unveiled."
 ===Verses 14, 15, "Nor does even Nature"===
-For the reasons in verse 13 above, these verse may be translated "Not does even nature" instead of "Does not even nature."  Also, because question marks did not exist, verse 14 and 15 can be joined into a single sentence. Thus both verses are in the negative; Paul is saying a woman's hair is ''not'' given as a covering.
+For the reasons in verse 13 above, these verse may be translated "Not does even nature" instead of "Does not even nature."  Also, because question marks did not exist, verse 14 and 15 can be joined into a single sentence. With this understanding both verses are in the negative and Paul was saying a woman's hair is ''not'' given as a covering.
 ==New Interpretation==
-Wth the completely reversal of one of two main points of a half chapter comes new conclusions.
+With the completely reversal of one of two main points of a half chapter comes new conclusions.
 ===Women May Veil===
-Paul does ''allow'' women to veil, but only if it is shame for her to be shaven, which would only happen if her husband made her shave (perhaps by pressure of his family who are unhappy with her conversion from Judaism). However, Paul makes no allowances if she is not to be shaven.  Veiling is the exception to rule.
+According to Bushnell, Paul does ''allow'' women to veil, but only if it is shame for her to be shaven, which would only happen if her husband made her shave (perhaps by pressure of his family who are unhappy with her conversion from Judaism). However, Paul makes no allowances if she is not to be shaven.  Veiling is the exception to rule.
 ===Women should Unveil===
-To most women, Paul insists that they unveil.  This is then another great separation from traditional Judaism where many Christians are coming from, another emphasis that Jesus changes the lives of believers in a visible manner.  It also treats men and women on the same scale.  Women should unveil because she is in the image of God, because Christ is her head, because even the angels are uncovered before God, and because she should have a sign of authority.  To non-Christians who say the Bible holds women back, this is another historical example that it actually made a great stride forward.
+According to Bushnell, for most women Paul insists that they unveil.  This is then another great separation from traditional Judaism where many Christians are coming from, another emphasis that Jesus changes the lives of believers in a visible manner.  It also treats men and women on the same scale.  Women should unveil because she is in the image of God, because Christ is her head, because even the angels are uncovered before God, and because she should have a sign of authority.  To non-Christians who say the Bible holds women back, this is another historical example that it actually made a great stride forward.
 ===A Passage not Ignored===
-Many Christians fear reading and interpreting this passage for fear of confusion or a contradiction to their view that women need not veil.  This interpretation invites readers to come again and marvel at Paul's wisdom and Jesus' great work.
+Many Christians fear reading and interpreting this passage for fear of confusion or a contradiction to their view that women need not veil.  This interpretation invites readers to come marvel at and Jesus' great work again.
 ==Quotes==
 ==Links==
-[http://williamwelty.com/docs/rethinking_the_veil.pdf Rethinking the Veil] William Welty agrees with Bushnell; in pdf format.
+[http://williamwelty.com/docs/rethinking_the_veil.pdf Rethinking the Veil] - William Welty agrees with Bushnell; in pdf format.
 {{returnto}} [[Head Coverings]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox_Contents |
 topic_name = The Bushnell View on Head Coverings for Women |
-subtopics = ... |
+subtopics = [[Katherine Bushnell]] |
 opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}} |
 }}
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 ===Verse 10, "Her Angels"===
 The correct translation is "her," not "the." Paul says that angels are inferior to humans (1 Corinthians 6:3) and Jesus says, "in heaven their [children's] angels do always behold the face of My Father." Paul's arguement is that if angels are not veiled before God, neither should women who are above the angels.
 ===Verse 12, "Judge for Yourselves"===
 Koine Greek does not separate words into sentences, much less into verses. Both were added later by scribes and translators interpreting the text. Thus the phrase "judge for yourselves" could belong and apply to verse 12 or verse 13.  Because Paul would not trust the Corinthians to judge such a hard issue as covering, but he would trust them to judge a simple one like verse 12, Bushnell moves it to verse 12.  Thus there is no colon but simply a period, completing the thought.
 ===Verse 13, "It Is Proper"===
 This is the most difficult verse.  Because Koine Greek contained no marks ending a sentence, the question mark in traditional translations could also be a period or an exclamation mark.  The first word of verse 13 is literally translated "it is." Where English reverses these words to form a question, Greek had no such method.  Thus the only way to tell between a simple statement and question was context; if spoken, it could be known through inflection of voice, as in English.  To harmonize with the rest of the passage, and because there is little sense in Paul asking about what he is teaching, Bushnell translates this as a statement.   "It is proper for a woman to pray unto God unveiled."
 ===Verses 14, 15, "Nor does even Nature"===
 For the reasons in verse 13 above, these verse may be translated "Not does even nature" instead of "Does not even nature."  Also, because question marks did not exist, verse 14 and 15 can be joined into a single sentence. Thus both verses are in the negative; Paul is saying a woman's hair is ''not'' given as a covering.
 ==New Interpretation==
-Obviously, with the completely reversal of one of two main points of a half chapter comes new conclusions. First notice that all the contradictions and confusions disappear, as if we realized we had skipped a chapter while reading a novel.
 ===Women May Veil===
 Paul does ''allow'' women to veil, but only if it is shame for her to be shaven, which would only happen if her husband made her shave (perhaps by pressure of his family who are unhappy with her conversion from Judaism). However, Paul makes no allowances if she is not to be shaven.  Veiling is the exception to rule.
 ===Women should Unveil===
 To most women, Paul insists that they unveil.  This is then another great separation from traditional Judaism where many Christians are coming from, another emphasis that Jesus changes the lives of believers in a visible manner.  It also treats men and women on the same scale.  Women should unveil because she is in the image of God, because Christ is her head, because even the angels are uncovered before God, and because she should have a sign of authority.  To non-Christians who say the Bible holds women back, this is another historical example that it actually made a great stride forward.
 ===A Passage not Ignored===
 Many Christians fear reading and interpreting this passage for fear of confusion or a contradiction to their view that women need not veil.  This interpretation invites readers to come again and marvel at Paul's wisdom and Jesus' great work.
-==See Also==
+==Quotes==
 [http://williamwelty.com/docs/rethinking_the_veil.pdf Rethinking the Veil] William Welty agrees with Bushnell; in pdf format.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The Bushnell view is an informal label for the view that in 1 Corinthians 11, [[Paul]] does not command women to cover their heads, but discourages it.  In this view, Paul allows women to cover if neccessary for their husband's sake, but forbids covering otherwise. The same conclusion is found by John Lightfoot and William Welty. The original and in depth view can be found in [[God's Word to Women]] by [[Katherine Bushnell]], lessons 29-35.
-The foundation of this view is not of interpretation, but translation. Most of the translation error is because [[Koine Greek]] has no puncuation, thus it does not clearly show quotations, the ending of sentences, and questions. All of these are put in place by the translator.
+The foundation of this view is not of interpretation, but translation. Because [[Koine Greek]] has no puncuation it does not always clearly show quotations, the ending of sentences, and questions. All of these are put in place by the translator.
 ==Problems with Traditional Translation==
-When using the traditional translation, several problems and contradictions arise.  For these reasons alone we must interpret that Paul is not commanding the covering of women. Bushnell's view eliminates all these problems.
 ===Verse 4, "Dishonors his Head"===
-If a man dishonors his Head, Christ, by covering it, then woman, whose Head is Christ also, would dishonor her Head, Christ, by covering it. This implies women should uncover.
 ===Verse 7, "Image of God"===
-If a man should uncover because he is in the image of God, then woman, who is in the image of God, should uncover also. This implies women should uncover.
 ===Verse 10, "Because of the Angels"===
-The first problem is discovering what is meant in verse 10 by "because of the angels." Scholars seem to agree there is no obvious interpretation.
 ===Verse 10, "Must have Authority"===
-Paul commands women to have authority on their head.  What is the "authority?"  By context, it can only possibly be a head covering, or a lack of a head covering.  By reasoning, a head covering is not a sign of authority; Paul forbids the men from covering because their covering a sign of sin, which makes slaves of its owners. Thus Paul must be ordering women to uncover as a sign of their authority.
 ===Verses 11, 12, "Man and Woman United"===
-These verses say that man and woman are together.  Why would Paul include this in a passage where he treats men and women differently? The verses are an arguement that the same rule applies to women as to men, implying that women should unveil as well.
 ===Verse 13, "Judge for Yourselves===
-Paul write the lengthy letter of 1 Corinthians mostly to teach and correct.  The Corinthian church is divisive, arrogant (1 Cor 4:18), houses a sexually immoral man (5:1), and Paul implies they are at least tempted by prostitution (6:16).  This is not a group Paul would trust to make their own conclusions concerning women ("judge for yourselves").  Moreover, he would not write this passage instructing them on covering if he later told them to decide for themselves.
 ===Verse 14, Nature's Teaching ===
-An honest attempt to answer Paul's question, "Does nature teach . . ." will yield an undeniable "No." It is not a shame for man to have long hair; the Nazarite vow (Numbers 6:5) certainly deny this. If anything, Nature teaches that everyone should have long hair, because, left on its own, anyone's hair will grow long.
 ===Verse 16, "No such Custom"===
-Paul denies that neither he nor other churches have "such custom." What custom is he refering to?  It must be the custom of covering, for no other custom is mentioned.  Thus he has contradicted himself, or at least, the view that he is commanding covering.
 ===The Contemporary view===
-Interpreting the passage as cultural and temporary brings the problemm that much of Paul's evidence is not cultural, but theological.  Things like man and woman being binded together, the woman being created for man, and nature are not temporary but eternal.  If Paul uses eternal arguements, his conclusion must be eternal.
 ==The Symbolism of Covering==
 ===Male Covering===
 Jewish tradition mandated that men cover their heads when praying to God as a reminder of their sin and shame.  However, because "there is no condemnation for those who are in Christ," Paul commands the believers to uncover their heads.
 ===Female Covering===
 Culturally relative, for a Jewess to uncover her hair to those outside the family was seen as sexually promiscuous (similarly in modern Muslim communities).  This was considered grounds for divorce. Also, women accused of adultery could be punished by having their heads shaved, a grave dishonor to her husband.
 ==Another Translation==
-The American Standard Version translates relatively the same as all other well known translations. The following compares this with Bushnell's translation and explains her reasons. Only explanations for the more important differences are explained.  Read [[God's Word to Women Lesson 32]] and [[=God's Word to Women Lesson 33 | Lesson 33]] for complete explanations.
 ===Translation Comparison===
-Note that Bushnell's words within brackets '''[ ]''' are intended as aided interpretation.  If a reader where comfortable with her translation and interpretation, these thoughts would occur mentally while reading.  They are not intended as insertions to the text; that is, if it were published within a complete translation of the Bible, they would be removed or used only in footnotes. Note also that the many minor differences between the texts are simply the result of different paths of translation.  Ideally, a comparison would be made between the Revised Standard Version which Bushnell usually used herself and probably used to aid her in this translation.
 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
@@ Line 110: / Line 130: @@
 ===Verses 5, 6, Jewish Quotation===
-As noted above, in the Jewish tradition it was suitable punishment to shave the head of a women accused of adultery, as would an uncovered women would likely be if she were married to a nonChristian Jew. It was unusual for Paul to agree with any Jewish tradition, let alone not directly connected with the [[Messiah]]. It also strange that Paul would say "If it is a shame . . ." after mentioning why it would so shameful.
 To harmonize with Paul's arguements against veiling, Bushnell interprets that Paul is refering to Jewish tradition, not his own ruling.  A different translation could be to insert quotation marks beginning with verse 5 and ending after the first sentence of verse 6.  Thus in the latter part of verse 6 Paul is not being redundant, he is responding to the Jewish tradition.

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 Interpreting the passage as cultural and temporary brings the problemm that much of Paul's evidence is not cultural, but theological.  Things like man and woman being binded together, the woman being created for man, and nature are not temporary but eternal.  If Paul uses eternal arguements, his conclusion must be eternal.
-==Translation==
+==The Symbolism of Covering==
 The American Standard Version translates relatively the same as all other well known translations. The following compares this with Bushnell's translation and explains her reasons. Only explanations for the more important differences are explained.  Read [[God's Word to Women Lesson 32]] and [[God's Word to Women Lesson 33 | Lesson 33]] for complete explanations.
 ===Translation Comparison===
@@ Line 53: / Line 61: @@
 |-----
 !width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(5)
-|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But every woman praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonoreth her head; for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven. For if a woman is not veiled, let her also be shorn:
+|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But every woman praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonoreth her head; for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven.
 |width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But any wife praying or prophesying bareheaded dishonors her [other] head [her husband], for it would be one and the same thing as [having] her head shaved.
 |-----
 !width="4%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|(6)
-|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|but if it is a shame to a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be veiled.
+|width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For if a woman is not veiled, let her also be shorn: but if it is a shame to a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be veiled.
 |width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|For [Jewish law provides that] if a woman is not covered, let her be shorn. Now if it would bring disgrace to a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be covered.
 |-----
@@ Line 100: / Line 108: @@
 |width="48%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 1px solid #ffddc0; color: #000; background-color: #ffffee"|But if anyone thinks to be contentious [in defense of such a custom as either men or women veiling for worship], let him know that "we have no such custom, neither the Churches of God."
 |}
 ==See Also==
 [http://williamwelty.com/docs/rethinking_the_veil.pdf Rethinking the Veil] William Welty agrees with Bushnell; in pdf format.