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Created page with "{{Infobox_Contents | topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Zechariah | subtopics = The Prophet Zechariah | opinion_pieces = {{short_opin..."
{{Infobox_Contents |
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Zechariah |
subtopics = The Prophet [[Text:EBD:Zechariah|Zechariah]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Zechariah|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Zechariah]] |
}}
Read the [[Book of Zechariah]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Zechariah 1|1]]
[[Zechariah 2|2]]
[[Zechariah 3|3]]
[[Zechariah 4|4]]
[[Zechariah 5|5]]
[[Zechariah 6|6]]
[[Zechariah 7|7]]
[[Zechariah 8|8]]
[[Zechariah 9|9]]
[[Zechariah 10|10]]
[[Zechariah 11|11]]
[[Zechariah 12|12]]
[[Zechariah 13|13]]
[[Zechariah 14|14]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 14|14]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Book of Zechariah]]'''
This prophecy is suitable to all, as the scope is to reprove for [[sin]], and threaten [[God]]'s judgments against the impenitent, and to encourage those that feared [[God]], with assurances of the [[mercy]] [[God]] had in store for his [[church]], and especially of the coming of the [[Messiah]], and the setting up his kingdom in the world.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
An exhortation to repentance.
(1-6)
A vision of the ministry of angels.
(7-17)
The security of the [[Jews]] and the destruction of their enemies.
(18-21)
'''Verses''' 1-6
[[God]]'s almighty power and sovereign dominion, should engage and encourage sinners to repent and turn to Him. It is very desirable to have the [[Lord]] of hosts for our friend, and very dreadful to have him for our enemy. Review what is past, and observe the message [[God]] sent by his servants, the prophets, to your fathers. Turn ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings. Be persuaded to leave your sins, as the only way to prevent approaching ruin. What is become of our fathers, and of the prophets that preached to them? They are all dead and gone. Here they were, in the towns and countries where we live, passing and repassing in the same streets, dwelling in the same houses, trading in the same shops and exchanges, worshipping [[God]] in the same places. But where are they? When they died, there was not an end of them; they are in eternity, in the [[world]] of spirits, the unchangeable [[world]] to which we hasten apace. Where are they? Those of them who lived and died in [[sin]], are in torment. Those who lived and died in [[Christ]], are in heaven; and if we live and die as they did, we shall be with them shortly and eternally. If they minded not their own souls, is that a reason why their posterity should ruin theirs also? The prophets are gone. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Prophet that lives for ever, but all other prophets have a period put to their office. Oh that this consideration had its due weight; that dying ministers are dealing with dying people about their never-dying souls, and an awful eternity, upon the brink of which both are standing! In another world, both we and our prophets shall live for ever: to prepare for that [[world]] ought to be our great care in this. The preachers died, and the hearers died, but the word of [[God]] died not; not one jot or title of it fell to the ground; for he is righteous.
'''Verses''' 7-17
The prophet saw a dark, shady grove, hidden by hills. This represented the low, melancholy condition of the Jewish [[church]]. A man like a warrior sat on a red horse, in the midst of this shady myrtle-grove. Though the [[church]] was in a low condition, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was present in the midst, ready to appear for the relief of his people. Behind him were angels ready to be employed by him, some in acts of judgment, others of [[mercy]], others in mixed events. Would we know something of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, we must apply, not to angels, for they are themselves learners, but to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself. He is ready to teach those humbly desirous to learn the things of [[God]]. The nations near Judea enjoyed [[peace]] at that time, but the state of the [[Jews]] was unsettled, which gave rise to the pleading that followed; but [[mercy]] must only be hoped for through [[Christ]]. His intercession for his [[church]] prevails. The [[Lord]] answered the [[Angel]], this [[Angel]] of the covenant, with promises of [[mercy]] and deliverance. All the good words and comfortable words of the [[gospel]] we receive from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], as he received them from the Father, in answer to the [[prayer]] of his blood; and his ministers are to preach them to all the world. The earth sat still, and was at rest. It is not uncommon for the enemies of [[God]] to be at rest in [[sin]], while his people are enduring correction, harassed by temptation, disquieted by fears of wrath, or groaning under oppression and persecution. Here are predictions which had reference to the revival of the [[Jews]] after the captivity, but those events were shadows of what shall take place in the [[church]], after the oppression of the New Testament Babylon is ended.
'''Verses''' 18-21
The enemies of the [[church]] threaten to cut off the name of [[Israel]]. They are horns, emblems of power, strength, and violence. The prophet saw them so formidable that he began to despair of the safety of every good man, and the success of every good work; but the [[Lord]] showed him four workmen empowered to cut off these horns. With an eye of sense we see the power of the enemies of the [[church]]; look which way we will, the [[world]] shows us that; but it is only with an eye of [[faith]] that we see it safe. The [[Lord]] shows us that. When [[God]] has work to do, he will raise up some to do it, and others to defend it, and to protect those employed in doing it. What cause there is to look up in [[love]] and praise to the holy and eternal Spirit, who has the same care over the present and eternal interests of [[believer]]s, by the holy word bringing the [[church]] to know the wonderful things of [[salvation]]!
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
The prosperity of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-5)
The [[Jews]] called to return to their own land.
(6-9)
A promise of [[God]]'s presence.
(10-13)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The Son of [[David]], even the Man [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]], whom the prophet sees with a measuring line in his hand, is the Master-Builder of his [[church]]. [[God]] notices the extent of his [[church]], and will take care that whatever number of guests are brought to the wedding-supper, there shall be room. This vision means well to [[Jerusalem]]. The walls of a city, as they defend it, so they straiten its inhabitants; but [[Jerusalem]] shall be extended as freely as if it had no walls at all, yet shall be as safe as if it had the strongest walls. In the [[church]] of [[God]] there yet is room for other multitudes, more than man can number. None shall be refused who [[trust]] in Christ; and He never shuts out from heaven one true member of the [[church]] on earth. [[God]] will be a Wall of fire round them, which can neither be broken through nor undermined, nor can it be assailed without danger to those who attack. This vision was to have its full accomplishment in the [[gospel]] [[church]], which is extended by admitting the [[Gentiles]] into it; and which has the Son of [[God]] for its Prince and Protector; especially in the glorious times yet to come.
'''Verses''' 6-9
If [[God]] will build [[Jerusalem]] for the people and their comfort, they must inhabit it for him and his glory. The promises and privileges with which [[God]]'s people are blessed, should engage us to join them, whatever it costs us. When [[Zion]] is enlarged to make room for all [[God]]'s [[Israel]], it is the greatest madness for any of them to stay in Babylon. The captivity of a sinful state is by no means to be continued in, though a man may be easy in worldly matters. Escape for thy life, look not behind thee. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has proclaimed that deliverance to the captives, which he has himself wrought out, and it concerns every one to resolve that [[sin]] shall not have dominion over him. Those who would be found among [[God]]'s children, must save themselves from this world, see Ac 2:40. What [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will do for his [[church]], shall be an evident proof of [[God]]'s care and affection. He that touches you, touches the apple of his eye. This is a strong expression of [[God]]'s [[love]] to his [[church]]. He takes what is done against her as done against the tenderest part of the eye, to which the least touch is a great offence. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is sent to be the Protector of his [[church]].
'''Verses''' 10-13
Here is a prediction of the coming of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in human nature. Many nations in that day would renounce [[idolatry]], and [[God]] will own those for his people who join him with purpose of heart. Glorious times are foretold as a prophecy of our [[Lord]]'s coming and kingdom. [[God]] is about to do something unexpected, and very surprising, and to plead his people's cause, which had long seemed neglected. Silently submit to his holy will, and patiently wait the event; assured that [[God]] will complete all his work. He will ere long come to judgment, to complete the [[salvation]] of his people, and to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their sins.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
The restoration of the [[church]].
(1-5)
A promise concerning the [[Messiah]].
(6-10)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The angel showed [[Joshua]], the high priest, to Zechariah, in a vision. Guilt and corruption are great discouragements when we stand before [[God]]. By the guilt of the sins committed by us, we are liable to the justice of [[God]]; by the power of [[sin]] that dwells in us, we are hateful to the [[holiness]] of [[God]]. Even [[God]]'s [[Israel]] are in danger on these accounts; but they have relief from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], who is made of [[God]] to us both righteousness and sanctification. [[Joshua]], the high priest, is accused as a criminal, but is justified. When we stand before [[God]], to minister to him, or stand up for [[God]], we must expect to meet all the resistance [[Satan]]'s subtlety and malice can give. [[Satan]] is checked by one that has conquered him, and many times silenced him. Those who belong to [[Christ]], will find him ready to appear for them, when [[Satan]] appears most strongly against them. A converted soul is a brand plucked out of the fire by a [[miracle]] of free grace, therefore shall not be left a prey to [[Satan]]. [[Joshua]] appears as one polluted, but is purified; he represents the [[Israel]] of [[God]], who are all as an unclean thing, till they are washed and sanctified in the name of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and by the [[Spirit]] of our [[God]]. [[Israel]] now were free from [[idolatry]], but there were many things amiss in them. There were spiritual enemies warring against them, more dangerous than any neighbouring nations. Christ loathed the filthiness of [[Joshua]]'s garments, yet did not put him away. Thus [[God]] by his [[grace]] does with those whom he chooses to be priests to himself. The guilt of [[sin]] is taken away by [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]], and the power of it is broken by renewing grace. Thus [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] washes those from their sins in his own blood, whom he makes kings and priests to our [[God]]. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] makes spiritual priests, are clothed with the spotless robe of his righteousness, and appear before [[God]] in that; and with the graces of his Spirit, which are ornaments to them. The righteousness of saints, both imputed and implanted, is the fine linen, clean and white, with which the bride, the Lamb's wife, is arrayed, Re 19:8. [[Joshua]] is restored to former honours and trusts. The crown of the priesthood is put on him. When the [[Lord]] designs to restore and revive [[religion]], he stirs up prophets and people to pray for it.
'''Verses''' 6-10
All whom [[God]] calls to any office he finds fit, or makes so. The [[Lord]] will cause the sins of the [[believer]] to pass away by his sanctifying grace, and will enable him to walk in newness of life. As the promises made to [[David]] often pass into promises of the [[Messiah]], so the promises to [[Joshua]] look forward to [[Christ]], of whose priesthood [[Joshua]]'s was a shadow. Whatever trials we pass through, whatever services we perform, our whole dependence must rest on [[Christ]], the Branch of righteousness. He is [[God]]'s servant, employed in his work, obedient to his will, devoted to his honour and glory. He is the Branch from which all our fruit must be gathered. The eye of his Father was upon him, especially in his sufferings, and when he was buried in the grave, as the foundation-stones are under ground, out of men's sight. But the prophecy rather denotes the attention paid to this precious Corner-stone. All [[believer]]s, from the beginning, had looked forward to it in the types and predictions. All [[believer]]s, after [[Christ]]'s coming, would look to it with faith, hope, and love. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall appear for all his chosen, as the high priest when before the [[Lord]], with the names of all [[Israel]] graven in the precious stones of his breastplate. When [[God]] gave a remnant to [[Christ]], to be brought through [[grace]] to glory, then he engraved this precious stone. By him [[sin]] shall be taken away, both the guilt and the dominion of it; he did it in one day, that day in which he suffered and died. What should terrify when [[sin]] is taken away? Then nothing can hurt, and we sit down under [[Christ]]'s shadow with delight, and are sheltered by it. And [[gospel]] grace, coming with power, makes men forward to draw others to it.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
A vision of a candlestick, with two olive trees.
(1-7)
Further encouragement.
(8-10)
An explanation respecting the olive trees.
(11-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The prophet's spirit was willing to attend, but the flesh was weak. We should beg of [[God]] that, whenever he speaks to us, he would awaken us, and we should then stir up ourselves. The [[church]] is a golden candlestick, or lamp-bearer, set up for enlightening this dark world, and holding forth the light of [[Divine]] revelation. Two olive trees were seen, one on each side the candlestick, from which oil flowed into the bowl without ceasing. [[God]] brings to pass his gracious purposes concerning his [[church]], without any art or labour of man; sometimes he makes use of his instruments, yet he needs them not. This represented the abundance of [[Divine]] grace, for the enlightening and making holy the ministers and members of the [[church]], and which cannot be procured or prevented by any human power. The vision assures us that the good work of building the temple, should be brought to a happy end. The difficulty is represented as a great mountain. But all difficulties shall vanish, and all the objections be got over. Faith will remove mountains, and make them plains. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is our Zerubbabel; mountains of difficulty were in the way of his undertaking, but nothing is too hard for him. What comes from the [[grace]] of [[God]], may, in faith, be committed to the [[grace]] of [[God]], for he will not forsake the work of his own hands.
'''Verses''' 8-10
The exact fulfilment of Scripture prophecies is a convincing proof of their [[Divine]] original. Though the instruments be weak and unlikely, yet [[God]] often chooses such, to bring about great things by them. Let not the dawning light be despised; it will shine more and more to the perfect day. Those who despaired of finishing the work, shall [[rejoice]] when they see Zerubbabel giving directions what to do, and taking care that the work be done. It is a comfort to us that the same all-wise, almighty Providence, which governs the earth, is in particular conversant about the [[church]]. All that have the plummet in their hands, must look up to the eyes of the [[Lord]], have constant regard to Divine Providence, act in dependence on its guidance and submission to its disposals. Let us fix our [[faith]] on [[Christ]], and view Him carrying on his work according to his own glorious plan, and daily bringing his spiritual building nearer to completion. (Zec 4:11-14)
'''Verses''' 11-14
Zechariah desires to know what are the two olive trees. Zerubbabel and [[Joshua]], this prince and this priest, were endued with the gifts and graces of [[God]]'s Spirit. They lived at the same time, and both were instruments in the work and service of [[God]]. [[Christ]]'s offices of King and Priest were shadowed forth by them. From the union of these two offices in his person, both [[God]] and man, the fullness of [[grace]] is received and imparted. They built the temple, the [[church]] of [[God]]. So does [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] spiritually. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is not only the [[Messiah]], the Anointed One himself, but he is the Good Olive to his [[church]]; and from his fulness we receive. And the [[Holy Spirit]] is the unction or anointing which we have received. From [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the Olive Tree, by the [[Spirit]] the Olive Branch, all the golden oil of [[grace]] flows to [[believer]]s, which keeps their lamps burning. Let us seek, through the intercession and bounty of the [[Saviour]], supplies from that fulness which has hitherto sufficed for all his saints, according to their trials and employments. Let us wait on him in his ordinances, desiring to be sanctified wholly in body, soul, and spirit.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The vision of a flying roll.
(1-4)
The vision of a woman and an ephah.
(5-11)
'''Verses''' 1-4
The Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are rolls, in which [[God]] has written the great things of his law and [[gospel]]; they are flying rolls. [[God]]'s word runs very swiftly, Ps 147:15. This flying roll contains a declaration of the righteous wrath of [[God]] against sinners. Oh that we saw with an eye of [[faith]] the flying roll of [[God]]'s curse hanging over the guilty [[world]] as a thick cloud, not only keeping off the sunbeams of [[God]]'s favour, but big with thunders, lightnings, and storms, ready to destroy them! How welcome then would the tidings of a [[Saviour]] be, who came to redeem us from the curse of the law, being himself made a curse for us! Sin is the ruin of houses and families; especially the doing hurt to others and false witness. Who knows the power of [[God]]'s anger? [[God]]'s curse cannot be kept out by bars or locks. While one part of the curse of [[God]] ruins the substance of the sinner, another part will rest on the soul, and sink it to everlasting punishment. All are transgressors of the law, so we cannot escape this wrath of [[God]], except we flee for refuge to lay hold on the [[hope]] set before us in the [[gospel]].
'''Verses''' 5-11
In this vision the prophet sees an ephah, something in the shape of a corn measure. This betokened the Jewish nation. They are filling the measure of their iniquity; and when it is full, they shall be delivered into the hands of those to whom [[God]] sold them for their sins. The woman sitting in the midst of the ephah represents the sinful [[church]] and nation of the [[Jews]], in their latter and corrupt age. Guilt is upon the sinner as a weight of lead, to sink him to the lowest hell. This seems to mean the condemnation of the [[Jews]], after they filled the measure of their iniquities by crucifying [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and rejecting his [[gospel]]. Zechariah sees the ephah, with the woman thus pressed in it, carried away to some far country. This intimates that the [[Jews]] should be hurried out of their own land, and forced to dwell in far countries, as they had been in Babylon. There the ephah shall be firmly placed, and their sufferings shall continue far longer than in their late captivity. Blindness is happened unto [[Israel]], and they are settled upon their own unbelief. Let sinners [[fear]] to treasure up wrath against the day of wrath; for the more they multiply crimes, the faster the measure fills.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The vision of the chariots.
(1-8)
[[Joshua]], the high priest, crowned as a type of [[Christ]].
(9-15)
'''Verses''' 1-8
This vision may represent the ways of Providence in the government of this lower world. Whatever the providences of [[God]] about us are, as to public or private affairs, we should see them all as coming from between the mountains of brass, the immoveable counsels and decrees of [[God]]; and therefore reckon it as much our folly to quarrel with them, as it is our duty to submit to them. His providences move swiftly and strongly as chariots, but all are directed and governed by his infinite wisdom and sovereign will. The red horses signify war and bloodshed. The black, signify the dismal consequences of war, famines, pestilences, and desolations. The white, signify the return of comfort, [[peace]], and prosperity. The mixed colour, signify events of different complexions, a day of prosperity and a day of adversity. The angels go forth as messengers of [[God]]'s counsels, and ministers of his justice and [[mercy]]. And the secret motions and impulses upon the spirits of men, by which the designs of Providence are carried on, are these four spirits of the heavens, which go forth from [[God]], and fulfil what the [[God]] of the spirits of all flesh appoints. All the events which take place in the [[world]] spring from the unchangeable counsels of the [[Lord]], which are formed in unerring wisdom, perfect justice, truth, and goodness; and from history it is found that events happened about the period when this vision was sent to the prophet, which seem referred to therein.
'''Verses''' 9-15
Some [[Jews]] from Babylon brought an offering to the house of [[God]]. Those who cannot forward a good work by their persons, must, as they are able, forward it by their purses: if some find hands, let others fill them. Crowns are to be made, and put upon the head of [[Joshua]]. The sign was used, to make the promise more noticed, that [[God]] will, in the fulness of time, raise up a great High Priest, like [[Joshua]], who is but the figure of one that is to come. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is not only the Foundation, but the Founder of this temple, by his [[Spirit]] and grace. Glory is a burden, but not too heavy for Him to bear who upholds all things. The cross was His glory, and he bore that; so is the crown an exceeding weight of glory, and he bears that. The counsel of [[peace]] should be between the priest and the throne, between the priestly and kingly offices of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. The [[peace]] and welfare of the [[gospel]] [[church]], and of all [[believer]]s, shall be wrought, though not by two several persons, yet by two several offices meeting in one; [[Christ]], purchasing all [[peace]] by his priesthood, maintaining and defending it by his kingdom. The crowns used in this solemnity must be kept in the temple, as evidence of this promise of the [[Messiah]]. Let us not think of separating what [[God]] has joined in his counsel of [[peace]]. We cannot come to [[God]] by [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as our Priest, if we refuse to have him rule over us as our King. We have no real ground to think our [[peace]] is made with [[God]], unless we try to keep his commandments.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The captives' inquiry respecting fasting.
(1-7)
Sin the cause of their captivity.
(8-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
If we truly desire to know the will of [[God]] in doubtful matters, we must not only consult his word and ministers, but seek his direction by fervent [[prayer]]. Those who would know [[God]]'s mind should consult [[God]]'s ministers; and, in doubtful cases, ask advice of those whose special business it is to search the Scriptures. The [[Jews]] seemed to question whether they ought to continue their fasts, seeing that the city and [[temple]] were likely to be finished. The first answer to their inquiry is a sharp reproof of hypocrisy. These fasts were not acceptable to [[God]], unless observed in a better manner, and to better purpose. There was the form of duty, but no life, or soul, or power in it. Holy exercises are to be done to [[God]], looking to his word as our rule, and his glory as our end, seeking to please him and obtain his favour; but self was the centre of all their actions. And it was not enough to weep on fast days; they should have searched the Scriptures of the prophets, that they might have seen what was the ground of [[God]]'s controversy with their fathers. Whether people are in prosperity or adversity, they must be called upon to leave their sins, and to do their duty.
'''Verses''' 8-14
[[God]]'s judgements upon [[Israel]] of old for their sins, were written to warn [[Christians]]. The duties required are, not keeping fasts and offering sacrifices, but doing justly and loving [[mercy]], which tend to the public welfare and [[peace]]. The law of [[God]] lays restraint upon the heart. But they filled their minds with prejudices against the word of [[God]]. Nothing is harder than the [[heart]] of a presumptuous sinner. See the fatal consequences of this to their fathers. Great sins against the [[Lord]] of hosts, bring great wrath from his power, which cannot be resisted. Sin, if regarded in the heart, will certainly spoil the success of [[prayer]]. The [[Lord]] always hears the cry of the broken-hearted penitent; yet all who die impenitent and unbelieving, will find no remedy or refuge from miseries which while here they despised and defied, but which they then will not be able to bear.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The restoration of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-8)
The people encouraged by promises of [[God]]'s favour, and exhorted to [[holiness]].
(9-17)
The [[Jews]] in the latter days.
(18-23)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The sins of [[Zion]] were her worst enemies. [[God]] will take away her sins, and then no other enemies shall hurt her. Those who profess [[religion]] must adorn their profession by [[godliness]] and honesty. When become a city of truth and a mountain of [[holiness]], [[Jerusalem]] is [[peace]]able and prosperous. Verses #(4, 5), beautifully describe a state of great outward [[peace]], attended with plenty, temperance, and contentment. The scattered [[Israelites]] shall be brought together from all parts. [[God]] will never leave nor forsake them in a way of [[mercy]], for this he has promised them; and they shall never leave nor forsake him in a way of duty, as they have promised him. These promises were partly fulfilled in the Jewish [[church]], betwixt the captivity and the time of [[Christ]]'s coming; and they had fuller accomplishment in the [[gospel]] [[church]]; but the full import must be as to the future times of the [[Christian]] [[church]], or the future restoration of the [[Jews]]. With men this is impossible, but with [[God]] all things are possible; so far are [[God]]'s thoughts and ways above ours. In the present low state of vital [[godliness]], we can hardly conceive that so complete a change can be made; but a change thus extensive and glorious, can be brought to pass by the almighty power of the new-creating Spirit, in less time than he was pleased to employ in creating the world. Let the hands of all who labour in the cause of the [[gospel]] be strong, serving the [[Lord]] in true [[holiness]], assured that their labour shall not be in vain.
'''Verses''' 9-17
Those only who lay their hands to the plough of duty, shall have them strengthened with the promises of [[mercy]]: those who avoid their fathers' faults have the curse turned into a blessing. Those who believed the promises, were to show their [[faith]] by their works, and to wait the fulfilment. When [[God]] is displeased, he can cause trade to decay, and set every man against his neighbour; but when he returns in [[mercy]], all is happy and prosperous. Surely [[believer]]s in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must not trifle with the exhortation to put away lying, and to speak every man [[peace]] with his neighbour, to hate what the [[Lord]] hates, and to [[love]] that wherein he delights.
'''Verses''' 18-23
When [[God]] comes towards us in ways of [[mercy]], we must meet him with joy and thankfulness. Therefore be faithful and honest in all your dealings; and let it be a pleasure to you to be so, though thereby you come short of the gains others get dishonestly; and, as much as in you lies, live [[peace]]ably with all men. Let the truths of [[God]] rule in your heads, and let the [[peace]] of [[God]] rule in your hearts. Thus the ancient servants of [[God]] drew the notice of heathen neighbours, whose prejudices were softened. A great increase to the [[church]] shall be made. Hitherto the [[Jews]] had been prone to learn the idolatries of other nations: what more unlikely than that they should teach [[religion]] to their conquerors, and to all the principal nations of the earth! Yet this is expressly foretold, and it came to pass. Hitherto the prophecy has been wonderfully fulfilled, and no doubt future events will explain it further. It is good to be with those who have [[God]] with them; if we take [[God]] for our [[God]], we must take his people for our people, and be willing to take our lot with them. But let not any one think that mere zeal, either for [[Jews]] or [[Gentiles]], will stand in the place of personal [[religion]]. Let us be living epistles of [[Christ]], known and read of all men, so that others may wish to go with us, and to have their portion with us in the realms of bliss.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]]'s defence of his [[church]].
(1-8)
[[Christ]]'s coming and his kingdom.
(9-11)
Promises to the [[church]].
(12-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Here are judgements foretold on several nations. While the Macedonians and Alexander's successors were in warfare in these countries, the [[Lord]] promised to protect his people. [[God]]'s house lies in the midst of an enemy's country; his [[church]] is as a lily among thorns. [[God]]'s power and goodness are seen in her special preservation. The [[Lord]] encamps about his [[church]], and while armies of proud opposers shall pass by and return, his eyes watch over her, so that they cannot prevail, and shortly the time will come when no exactor shall pass by her any more.
'''Verses''' 9-17
The prophet breaks forth into a joyful representation of the coming of the [[Messiah]], of whom the ancient [[Jews]] explained this prophecy. He took the character of their King, when he entered [[Jerusalem]] amidst the hosannas of the multitude. But his kingdom is a spiritual kingdom. It shall not be advanced by outward force or carnal weapons. His [[gospel]] shall be preached to the world, and be received among the heathen. A sinful state is a state of bondage; it is a pit, or dungeon, in which there is no water, no comfort; and we are all by nature prisoners in this pit. Through the precious blood of [[Christ]], many prisoners of [[Satan]] have been set at liberty from the horrible pit in which they must otherwise have perished, without [[hope]] or comfort. While we admire Him, let us seek that his [[holiness]] and truth may be shown in our own spirits and conduct. These promises have accomplishment in the spiritual blessings of the [[gospel]] which we enjoy by [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. As the deliverance of the [[Jews]] was typical of redemption by [[Christ]], so this invitation speaks to all the language of the [[gospel]] call. Sinners are prisoners, but prisoners of hope; their case is sad, but not desperate; for there is [[hope]] in [[Israel]] concerning them. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Strong-hold, a strong Tower, in whom [[believer]]s are safe from the [[fear]] of the wrath of [[God]], the curse of the law, and the assaults of spiritual enemies. To him we must turn with lively faith; to him we must flee, and [[trust]] in his name under all trials and sufferings. It is here promised that the [[Lord]] would deliver his people. This passage also refers to the apostles, and the preachers of the [[gospel]] in the early ages. [[God]] was evidently with them; his words from their lips pierced the hearts and consciences of the hearers. They were wondrously defended in persecution, and were filled with the influences of the [[Holy Spirit]]. They were saved by the Good Shepherd as his flock, and honoured as jewels of his crown. The gifts, graces, and consolations of the [[Spirit]], poured forth on the day of Pentecost, Ac 2 and in succeeding times, are represented. Sharp have been, and still will be, the conflicts of [[Zion]]'s sons, but their [[God]] will give them success. The more we are employed, and satisfied with his goodness, the more we shall admire the beauty revealed in the [[Redeemer]]. Whatever gifts [[God]] bestows on us, we must serve him cheerfully with them; and, when refreshed with blessings, we must say, How great is his goodness!
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Blessings to be sought from the [[Lord]].
(1-5)
[[God]] will restore his people.
(6-12)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Spiritual blessings had been promised under figurative allusions to earthly plenty. Seasonable rain is a great [[mercy]], which we may ask of [[God]] when there is most need of it, and we may look for it to come. We must in our [[prayer]]s ask for mercies in their proper time. The [[Lord]] would make bright clouds, and give showers of rain. This may be an exhortation to seek the influences of the [[Holy Spirit]], in [[faith]] and by [[prayer]], through which the blessings held forth in the promises are obtained and enjoyed. The prophet shows the folly of making addresses to [[idols]], as their fathers had done. The [[Lord]] visited the remnant of his flock in [[mercy]], and was about to renew their courage and strength for conflict and victory. Every creature is to us what [[God]] makes it to be. Every one raised to support the nation, as a corner-stone does the building, or to unite those that differ, as nails join the different timbers, must come from the [[Lord]]; and those employed to overcome their enemies, must have strength and success from him. This may be applied to Christ; to him we must look to raise up persons to unite, support, and defend his people. He never will say, Seek ye me in vain.
'''Verses''' 6-12
Here are precious promises to the people of [[God]], which look to the state of the [[Jews]], and even to the latter days of the [[church]]. Preaching the [[gospel]] is [[God]]'s call for souls to come to [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] redeemed by his blood, [[God]] will gather by his grace. Difficulties shall be got over easily, and effectually, as those in the way of the deliverance out of [[Egypt]]. [[God]] himself will be their strength, and their song. When we resist, and so overcome our spiritual enemies, then our hearts shall [[rejoice]]. If [[God]] strengthen us, we must bestir ourselves in all the duties of the [[Christian]] life, must be active in the work of [[God]]; and we must do all in the name of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]].
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
Destruction to come upon the [[Jews]].
(1-3)
The [[Lord]]'s dealing with the [[Jews]].
(4-14)
The emblem and curse of a foolish shepherd.
(15-17)
'''Verses''' 1-3
In figurative expressions, that destruction of [[Jerusalem]], and of the Jewish [[church]] and nation, is foretold, which our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], when the time was at hand, prophesied plainly and expressly. How can the fir trees stand, if the cedars fall? The falls of the wise and good into [[sin]], and the falls of the rich and great into trouble, are loud alarms to those every way their inferiors. It is sad with a people, when those who should be as shepherds to them, are as young lions. The pride of [[Jordan]] was the thickets on the banks; and when the river overflowed the banks, the lions came up from them roaring. Thus the doom of [[Jerusalem]] may alarm other [[church]]es.
'''Verses''' 4-14
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came into this [[world]] for judgment to the Jewish [[church]] and nation, which were wretchedly corrupt and degenerate. Those have their minds wofully blinded, who do ill, and justify themselves in it; but [[God]] will not hold those guiltless who hold themselves so. How can we go to [[God]] to beg a blessing on unlawful methods of getting wealth, or to return thanks for success in them? There was a general decay of [[religion]] among them, and they regarded it not. The Good Shepherd would feed his flock, but his attention would chiefly be directed to the poor. As an emblem, the prophet seems to have taken two staves; Beauty, denoted the privileges of the Jewish nation, in their national covenant; the other he called Bands, denoting the harmony which hitherto united them as the flock of [[God]]. But they chose to cleave to false teachers. The carnal mind and the friendship of the [[world]] are enmity to [[God]]; and [[God]] hates all the workers of iniquity: it is easy to foresee what this will end in. The prophet demanded wages, or a reward, and received thirty pieces of silver. By [[Divine]] direction he cast it to the potter, as in disdain for the smallness of the sum. This shadowed forth the bargain of Judas to betray [[Christ]], and the final method of applying it. Nothing ruins a people so certainly, as weakening the brotherhood among them. This follows the dissolving of the covenant between [[God]] and them: when [[sin]] abounds, [[love]] waxes cold, and civil contests follow. No wonder if those fall out among themselves, who have provoked [[God]] to fall out with them. Wilful contempt of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the great cause of men's ruin. And if professors rightly valued [[Christ]], they would not contend about little matters.
'''Verses''' 15-17
[[God]], having showed the misery of this people in their being justly left by the Good Shepherd, shows their further misery in being abused by foolish shepherds. The description suits the character [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gives of the scribes and [[Pharisees]]. They never do any thing to support the weak, or comfort the feeble-minded; but seek their own ease, while they are barbarous to the flock. The idol shepherd has the garb and appearance of a shepherd, receives submission, and is supported at much expense; but he leaves the flock to perish through neglect, or leads them to ruin by his example. This suits many in different [[church]]es and nations, but the warning had an awful fulfilment in the Jewish teachers. And while such deceive others to their ruin, they will themselves have the deepest condemnation.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
Punishment of the enemies of [[Judah]].
(1-8)
[[Repentance]] and sorrow of the [[Jews]].
(9-14)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Here is a [[Divine]] prediction, which will be a heavy burden to all the enemies of the [[church]]. But it is for [[Israel]]; for their comfort and benefit. It is promised that [[God]] will make foolish the counsels, and weaken the courage of the enemies of the [[church]]. The exact meaning is not clear; but [[God]] often begins by calling the poor and despised; and in that day even the feeblest will resemble [[David]], and be as eminent in courage and every thing good. Desirable indeed is it that the examples and labours of [[Christians]] should render them as fire among wood, as a torch in a sheaf, to kindle the flame of [[Divine]] love, to spread [[religion]] on the right hand and on the left.
'''Verses''' 9-14
The day here spoken of, is the day of [[Jerusalem]]'s defence and deliverance, that glorious day when [[God]] will appear for the [[salvation]] of his people. In [[Christ]]'s first coming he bruised the serpent's head, and broke all the powers of darkness that fought against [[God]]'s kingdom among men. In his second coming he will complete their destruction, when he shall put down all opposing rule, principality, and power; and [[death]] itself shall be swallowed up in that victory. The [[Holy Spirit]] is gracious and merciful, and is the Author of all [[grace]] or [[holiness]]. He, also, is the [[Spirit]] of supplications, and shows men their ignorance, want, guilt, misery, and danger. At the time here foretold, the [[Jews]] will know who the crucified [[Jesus]] was; then they shall look by [[faith]] to him, and mourn with the deepest sorrow, not only in public, but in private, even each one separately. There is a holy mourning, the effect of the pouring out of the [[Spirit]]; a mourning for [[sin]], which quickens [[faith]] in [[Christ]], and qualifies for [[joy]] in [[God]]. This mourning is a fruit of the [[Spirit]] of grace, a proof of a work of [[grace]] in the soul, and of the [[Spirit]] of supplications. It is fulfilled in all who sorrow for sin after a godly sort; they look to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] crucified, and mourn for him. Looking by [[faith]] upon the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will cause us to mourn for [[sin]] after a godly sort.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
The Fountain for the remission of sins, The conviction of the false prophets.
(1-6)
The [[death]] of [[Christ]], and the saving of a remnant of the people.
(7-9)
'''Verses''' 1-6
In the time mentioned at the close of the foregoing Chapter, a fountain would be opened to the rulers and people of the [[Jews]], in which to wash away their sins. Even the atoning blood of [[Christ]], united with his sanctifying grace. It has hitherto been closed to the unbelieving nation of [[Israel]]; but when the [[Spirit]] of [[grace]] shall humble and soften their hearts, he will open it to them also. This fountain opened is the pierced side of [[Christ]]. We are all as an unclean thing. Behold a fountain opened for us to wash in, and streams flowing to us from that fountain. The blood of [[Christ]], and [[God]]'s [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]] in that blood, made known in the new covenant, are a fountain always flowing, that never can be emptied. It is opened for all [[believer]]s, who as the spiritual seed of [[Christ]], are of the house of [[David]], and, as living members of the [[church]], are inhabitants of [[Jerusalem]]. [[Christ]], by the power of his grace, takes away the dominion of [[sin]], even of beloved sins. Those who are washed in the fountain opened, as they are justified, so they are sanctified. Souls are brought off from the world and the flesh, those two great [[idols]], that they may cleave to [[God]] only. The thorough reformation which will take place on the conversion of [[Israel]] to [[Christ]], is here foretold. False prophets shall be convinced of their [[sin]] and folly, and return to their proper employments. When convinced that we are gone out of the way of duty, we must show the truth of our [[Repentance|repentance]] by returning to it again. It is well to acknowledge those to be friends, who by severe discipline are instrumental in bringing us to a sight of error; for faithful are the wounds of a friend, Pr 27:6. And it is always well for us to recollect the wounds of our [[Saviour]]. Often has he been wounded by professed friends, nay, even by his real disciples, when they act contrary to his word.
'''Verses''' 7-9
Here is a prophecy of the sufferings of [[Christ]]. [[God]] the Father gave order to the sword of his justice to awake against his Son, when he freely made his soul an offering for sin. As [[God]], he is called "my Fellow." [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and the Father are one. He is the Shepherd who was to lay down his life for the sheep. If a Sacrifice, he must be slain, for without shedding of the life-blood there was no remission. This sword must awake against him, yet he had no [[sin]] of his own to answer for. It may refer to the whole of [[Christ]]'s sufferings, especially his agonies in the garden and on the cross, when he endured unspeakable anguish till [[Divine]] justice was fully satisfied. Smite the Shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered. This passage our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] declares was fulfilled, when all his disciples, in the night wherein he was betrayed, forsook him and fled. It has, and shall have its accomplishment, in the destruction of the corrupt and hypocritical part of the professed [[church]]. Because of the [[sin]] of the [[Jews]] in rejecting and crucifying [[Christ]], and in opposing his [[gospel]], the Romans would destroy the greater part. But a remnant would be saved. And if we are his people, we shall be refined as gold; he will be [[God]], and the end of all our trials and sufferings will be praise, and honour, and glory, at the appearing of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
----
'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
The sufferings of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-7)
Encouraging prospects, and the destruction of her enemies.
(8-15)
The [[holiness]] of the latter days.
(16-21)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] often stood upon the Mount of Olives when on earth. He ascended from thence to heaven, and then desolations and distresses came upon the Jewish nation. Such is the view taken of this figuratively; but many consider it as a notice of events yet unfulfilled, and that it relates to troubles of which we cannot now form a full idea. Every [[believer]], being related to [[God]] as his [[God]], may triumph in the expectation of [[Christ]]'s coming in power, and speak of it with pleasure. During a long season, the state of the [[church]] would be deformed by sin; there would be a mixture of truth and error, of happiness and misery. Such is the experience of [[God]]'s people, a mingled state of [[grace]] and corruption. But, when the season is at the worst, and most unpromising, the [[Lord]] will turn darkness into light; deliverance comes when [[God]]'s people have done looking for it.
'''Verses''' 8-15
Some consider that the progress of the [[gospel]], beginning from [[Jerusalem]], is referred to by the living waters flowing from that city. Neither shall the [[gospel]] and means of grace, nor the graces of the [[Spirit]] wrought in the hearts of [[believer]]s by those means, ever fail, by reason either of the heat of persecution, or storms of temptation, or the blasts of any other affliction. Tremendous judgments appear to be foretold, to be sent upon those who should oppose the settlement of the [[Jews]] in their own land. How far they are to be understood literally, events alone can determine. The furious rage and malice which stir up men against each other, are faint shadows of the enmity which reigns among those who have perished in their sins. Even the inferior creatures often suffer for the [[sin]] of man, and in his plagues. Thus [[God]] will show his displeasure against sin.
'''Verses''' 16-21
As it is impossible for all nations literally to come to [[Jerusalem]] once a year, to keep a feast, it is evident that a figurative meaning must here be applied. [[Gospel]] [[worship]] is represented by the keeping of the feast of tabernacles. Every day of a [[Christian]]'s life is a day of the feast of tabernacles; every [[Lord]]'s day especially is the great day of the feast; therefore every day let us [[worship]] the [[Lord]] of hosts, and keep every [[Lord]]'s day with peculiar solemnity. It is just for [[God]] to withhold the blessings of [[grace]] from those who do not attend the means of grace. It is a [[sin]] that is its own punishment; those who forsake the duty, forfeit the privilege of communion with [[God]]. A time of complete [[peace]] and purity of the [[church]] will arrive. Men will carry on their common affairs, and their sacred services, upon the same holy principles of faith, [[love]] and obedience. Real [[holiness]] shall be more diffused, because there shall be a more plentiful pouring forth of the [[Spirit]] of [[holiness]] than ever before. There shall be [[holiness]] even in common things. Every action and every enjoyment of the [[believer]], should be so regulated according to the will of [[God]], that it may be directed to his glory. Our whole lives should be as one constant sacrifice, or act of devotion; no selfish motive should prevail in any of our actions. But how far is the [[Christian]] [[church]] from this state of purity! Other times, however, are at hand, and the [[Lord]] will reform and enlarge his [[church]], as he has promised. Yet in heaven alone will perfect [[holiness]] and happiness be found.
{{mhc bottom}}
[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Book of Zechariah]]
topic_name = Matthew Henry Concise Bible Commentary : Zechariah |
subtopics = The Prophet [[Text:EBD:Zechariah|Zechariah]] |
opinion_pieces = {{short_opinions}}
* [[Text:EBD:Zechariah|Easton's Bible Dictionary entry on Zechariah]] |
}}
Read the [[Book of Zechariah]] from the [[Holy Bible|Bible]]
{{chapters}}
[[Zechariah 1|1]]
[[Zechariah 2|2]]
[[Zechariah 3|3]]
[[Zechariah 4|4]]
[[Zechariah 5|5]]
[[Zechariah 6|6]]
[[Zechariah 7|7]]
[[Zechariah 8|8]]
[[Zechariah 9|9]]
[[Zechariah 10|10]]
[[Zechariah 11|11]]
[[Zechariah 12|12]]
[[Zechariah 13|13]]
[[Zechariah 14|14]]
==Commentary==
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 1|1]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 2|2]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 3|3]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 4|4]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 5|5]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 6|6]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 7|7]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 8|8]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 9|9]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 10|10]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 11|11]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 12|12]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 13|13]]
[[Text:MHC Concise Zechariah 14|14]]
{{mhc import}}
'''Commentary on the [[Book of Zechariah]]'''
This prophecy is suitable to all, as the scope is to reprove for [[sin]], and threaten [[God]]'s judgments against the impenitent, and to encourage those that feared [[God]], with assurances of the [[mercy]] [[God]] had in store for his [[church]], and especially of the coming of the [[Messiah]], and the setting up his kingdom in the world.
----
'''Chapter''' 1
''Chapter Outline''
An exhortation to repentance.
(1-6)
A vision of the ministry of angels.
(7-17)
The security of the [[Jews]] and the destruction of their enemies.
(18-21)
'''Verses''' 1-6
[[God]]'s almighty power and sovereign dominion, should engage and encourage sinners to repent and turn to Him. It is very desirable to have the [[Lord]] of hosts for our friend, and very dreadful to have him for our enemy. Review what is past, and observe the message [[God]] sent by his servants, the prophets, to your fathers. Turn ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings. Be persuaded to leave your sins, as the only way to prevent approaching ruin. What is become of our fathers, and of the prophets that preached to them? They are all dead and gone. Here they were, in the towns and countries where we live, passing and repassing in the same streets, dwelling in the same houses, trading in the same shops and exchanges, worshipping [[God]] in the same places. But where are they? When they died, there was not an end of them; they are in eternity, in the [[world]] of spirits, the unchangeable [[world]] to which we hasten apace. Where are they? Those of them who lived and died in [[sin]], are in torment. Those who lived and died in [[Christ]], are in heaven; and if we live and die as they did, we shall be with them shortly and eternally. If they minded not their own souls, is that a reason why their posterity should ruin theirs also? The prophets are gone. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Prophet that lives for ever, but all other prophets have a period put to their office. Oh that this consideration had its due weight; that dying ministers are dealing with dying people about their never-dying souls, and an awful eternity, upon the brink of which both are standing! In another world, both we and our prophets shall live for ever: to prepare for that [[world]] ought to be our great care in this. The preachers died, and the hearers died, but the word of [[God]] died not; not one jot or title of it fell to the ground; for he is righteous.
'''Verses''' 7-17
The prophet saw a dark, shady grove, hidden by hills. This represented the low, melancholy condition of the Jewish [[church]]. A man like a warrior sat on a red horse, in the midst of this shady myrtle-grove. Though the [[church]] was in a low condition, [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] was present in the midst, ready to appear for the relief of his people. Behind him were angels ready to be employed by him, some in acts of judgment, others of [[mercy]], others in mixed events. Would we know something of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, we must apply, not to angels, for they are themselves learners, but to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] himself. He is ready to teach those humbly desirous to learn the things of [[God]]. The nations near Judea enjoyed [[peace]] at that time, but the state of the [[Jews]] was unsettled, which gave rise to the pleading that followed; but [[mercy]] must only be hoped for through [[Christ]]. His intercession for his [[church]] prevails. The [[Lord]] answered the [[Angel]], this [[Angel]] of the covenant, with promises of [[mercy]] and deliverance. All the good words and comfortable words of the [[gospel]] we receive from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], as he received them from the Father, in answer to the [[prayer]] of his blood; and his ministers are to preach them to all the world. The earth sat still, and was at rest. It is not uncommon for the enemies of [[God]] to be at rest in [[sin]], while his people are enduring correction, harassed by temptation, disquieted by fears of wrath, or groaning under oppression and persecution. Here are predictions which had reference to the revival of the [[Jews]] after the captivity, but those events were shadows of what shall take place in the [[church]], after the oppression of the New Testament Babylon is ended.
'''Verses''' 18-21
The enemies of the [[church]] threaten to cut off the name of [[Israel]]. They are horns, emblems of power, strength, and violence. The prophet saw them so formidable that he began to despair of the safety of every good man, and the success of every good work; but the [[Lord]] showed him four workmen empowered to cut off these horns. With an eye of sense we see the power of the enemies of the [[church]]; look which way we will, the [[world]] shows us that; but it is only with an eye of [[faith]] that we see it safe. The [[Lord]] shows us that. When [[God]] has work to do, he will raise up some to do it, and others to defend it, and to protect those employed in doing it. What cause there is to look up in [[love]] and praise to the holy and eternal Spirit, who has the same care over the present and eternal interests of [[believer]]s, by the holy word bringing the [[church]] to know the wonderful things of [[salvation]]!
----
'''Chapter''' 2
''Chapter Outline''
The prosperity of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-5)
The [[Jews]] called to return to their own land.
(6-9)
A promise of [[God]]'s presence.
(10-13)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The Son of [[David]], even the Man [[Jesus Christ|Christ Jesus]], whom the prophet sees with a measuring line in his hand, is the Master-Builder of his [[church]]. [[God]] notices the extent of his [[church]], and will take care that whatever number of guests are brought to the wedding-supper, there shall be room. This vision means well to [[Jerusalem]]. The walls of a city, as they defend it, so they straiten its inhabitants; but [[Jerusalem]] shall be extended as freely as if it had no walls at all, yet shall be as safe as if it had the strongest walls. In the [[church]] of [[God]] there yet is room for other multitudes, more than man can number. None shall be refused who [[trust]] in Christ; and He never shuts out from heaven one true member of the [[church]] on earth. [[God]] will be a Wall of fire round them, which can neither be broken through nor undermined, nor can it be assailed without danger to those who attack. This vision was to have its full accomplishment in the [[gospel]] [[church]], which is extended by admitting the [[Gentiles]] into it; and which has the Son of [[God]] for its Prince and Protector; especially in the glorious times yet to come.
'''Verses''' 6-9
If [[God]] will build [[Jerusalem]] for the people and their comfort, they must inhabit it for him and his glory. The promises and privileges with which [[God]]'s people are blessed, should engage us to join them, whatever it costs us. When [[Zion]] is enlarged to make room for all [[God]]'s [[Israel]], it is the greatest madness for any of them to stay in Babylon. The captivity of a sinful state is by no means to be continued in, though a man may be easy in worldly matters. Escape for thy life, look not behind thee. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] has proclaimed that deliverance to the captives, which he has himself wrought out, and it concerns every one to resolve that [[sin]] shall not have dominion over him. Those who would be found among [[God]]'s children, must save themselves from this world, see Ac 2:40. What [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will do for his [[church]], shall be an evident proof of [[God]]'s care and affection. He that touches you, touches the apple of his eye. This is a strong expression of [[God]]'s [[love]] to his [[church]]. He takes what is done against her as done against the tenderest part of the eye, to which the least touch is a great offence. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is sent to be the Protector of his [[church]].
'''Verses''' 10-13
Here is a prediction of the coming of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] in human nature. Many nations in that day would renounce [[idolatry]], and [[God]] will own those for his people who join him with purpose of heart. Glorious times are foretold as a prophecy of our [[Lord]]'s coming and kingdom. [[God]] is about to do something unexpected, and very surprising, and to plead his people's cause, which had long seemed neglected. Silently submit to his holy will, and patiently wait the event; assured that [[God]] will complete all his work. He will ere long come to judgment, to complete the [[salvation]] of his people, and to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their sins.
----
'''Chapter''' 3
''Chapter Outline''
The restoration of the [[church]].
(1-5)
A promise concerning the [[Messiah]].
(6-10)
'''Verses''' 1-5
The angel showed [[Joshua]], the high priest, to Zechariah, in a vision. Guilt and corruption are great discouragements when we stand before [[God]]. By the guilt of the sins committed by us, we are liable to the justice of [[God]]; by the power of [[sin]] that dwells in us, we are hateful to the [[holiness]] of [[God]]. Even [[God]]'s [[Israel]] are in danger on these accounts; but they have relief from [[Jesus]] [[Christ]], who is made of [[God]] to us both righteousness and sanctification. [[Joshua]], the high priest, is accused as a criminal, but is justified. When we stand before [[God]], to minister to him, or stand up for [[God]], we must expect to meet all the resistance [[Satan]]'s subtlety and malice can give. [[Satan]] is checked by one that has conquered him, and many times silenced him. Those who belong to [[Christ]], will find him ready to appear for them, when [[Satan]] appears most strongly against them. A converted soul is a brand plucked out of the fire by a [[miracle]] of free grace, therefore shall not be left a prey to [[Satan]]. [[Joshua]] appears as one polluted, but is purified; he represents the [[Israel]] of [[God]], who are all as an unclean thing, till they are washed and sanctified in the name of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], and by the [[Spirit]] of our [[God]]. [[Israel]] now were free from [[idolatry]], but there were many things amiss in them. There were spiritual enemies warring against them, more dangerous than any neighbouring nations. Christ loathed the filthiness of [[Joshua]]'s garments, yet did not put him away. Thus [[God]] by his [[grace]] does with those whom he chooses to be priests to himself. The guilt of [[sin]] is taken away by [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]], and the power of it is broken by renewing grace. Thus [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] washes those from their sins in his own blood, whom he makes kings and priests to our [[God]]. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] makes spiritual priests, are clothed with the spotless robe of his righteousness, and appear before [[God]] in that; and with the graces of his Spirit, which are ornaments to them. The righteousness of saints, both imputed and implanted, is the fine linen, clean and white, with which the bride, the Lamb's wife, is arrayed, Re 19:8. [[Joshua]] is restored to former honours and trusts. The crown of the priesthood is put on him. When the [[Lord]] designs to restore and revive [[religion]], he stirs up prophets and people to pray for it.
'''Verses''' 6-10
All whom [[God]] calls to any office he finds fit, or makes so. The [[Lord]] will cause the sins of the [[believer]] to pass away by his sanctifying grace, and will enable him to walk in newness of life. As the promises made to [[David]] often pass into promises of the [[Messiah]], so the promises to [[Joshua]] look forward to [[Christ]], of whose priesthood [[Joshua]]'s was a shadow. Whatever trials we pass through, whatever services we perform, our whole dependence must rest on [[Christ]], the Branch of righteousness. He is [[God]]'s servant, employed in his work, obedient to his will, devoted to his honour and glory. He is the Branch from which all our fruit must be gathered. The eye of his Father was upon him, especially in his sufferings, and when he was buried in the grave, as the foundation-stones are under ground, out of men's sight. But the prophecy rather denotes the attention paid to this precious Corner-stone. All [[believer]]s, from the beginning, had looked forward to it in the types and predictions. All [[believer]]s, after [[Christ]]'s coming, would look to it with faith, hope, and love. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] shall appear for all his chosen, as the high priest when before the [[Lord]], with the names of all [[Israel]] graven in the precious stones of his breastplate. When [[God]] gave a remnant to [[Christ]], to be brought through [[grace]] to glory, then he engraved this precious stone. By him [[sin]] shall be taken away, both the guilt and the dominion of it; he did it in one day, that day in which he suffered and died. What should terrify when [[sin]] is taken away? Then nothing can hurt, and we sit down under [[Christ]]'s shadow with delight, and are sheltered by it. And [[gospel]] grace, coming with power, makes men forward to draw others to it.
----
'''Chapter''' 4
''Chapter Outline''
A vision of a candlestick, with two olive trees.
(1-7)
Further encouragement.
(8-10)
An explanation respecting the olive trees.
(11-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The prophet's spirit was willing to attend, but the flesh was weak. We should beg of [[God]] that, whenever he speaks to us, he would awaken us, and we should then stir up ourselves. The [[church]] is a golden candlestick, or lamp-bearer, set up for enlightening this dark world, and holding forth the light of [[Divine]] revelation. Two olive trees were seen, one on each side the candlestick, from which oil flowed into the bowl without ceasing. [[God]] brings to pass his gracious purposes concerning his [[church]], without any art or labour of man; sometimes he makes use of his instruments, yet he needs them not. This represented the abundance of [[Divine]] grace, for the enlightening and making holy the ministers and members of the [[church]], and which cannot be procured or prevented by any human power. The vision assures us that the good work of building the temple, should be brought to a happy end. The difficulty is represented as a great mountain. But all difficulties shall vanish, and all the objections be got over. Faith will remove mountains, and make them plains. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is our Zerubbabel; mountains of difficulty were in the way of his undertaking, but nothing is too hard for him. What comes from the [[grace]] of [[God]], may, in faith, be committed to the [[grace]] of [[God]], for he will not forsake the work of his own hands.
'''Verses''' 8-10
The exact fulfilment of Scripture prophecies is a convincing proof of their [[Divine]] original. Though the instruments be weak and unlikely, yet [[God]] often chooses such, to bring about great things by them. Let not the dawning light be despised; it will shine more and more to the perfect day. Those who despaired of finishing the work, shall [[rejoice]] when they see Zerubbabel giving directions what to do, and taking care that the work be done. It is a comfort to us that the same all-wise, almighty Providence, which governs the earth, is in particular conversant about the [[church]]. All that have the plummet in their hands, must look up to the eyes of the [[Lord]], have constant regard to Divine Providence, act in dependence on its guidance and submission to its disposals. Let us fix our [[faith]] on [[Christ]], and view Him carrying on his work according to his own glorious plan, and daily bringing his spiritual building nearer to completion. (Zec 4:11-14)
'''Verses''' 11-14
Zechariah desires to know what are the two olive trees. Zerubbabel and [[Joshua]], this prince and this priest, were endued with the gifts and graces of [[God]]'s Spirit. They lived at the same time, and both were instruments in the work and service of [[God]]. [[Christ]]'s offices of King and Priest were shadowed forth by them. From the union of these two offices in his person, both [[God]] and man, the fullness of [[grace]] is received and imparted. They built the temple, the [[church]] of [[God]]. So does [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] spiritually. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is not only the [[Messiah]], the Anointed One himself, but he is the Good Olive to his [[church]]; and from his fulness we receive. And the [[Holy Spirit]] is the unction or anointing which we have received. From [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] the Olive Tree, by the [[Spirit]] the Olive Branch, all the golden oil of [[grace]] flows to [[believer]]s, which keeps their lamps burning. Let us seek, through the intercession and bounty of the [[Saviour]], supplies from that fulness which has hitherto sufficed for all his saints, according to their trials and employments. Let us wait on him in his ordinances, desiring to be sanctified wholly in body, soul, and spirit.
----
'''Chapter''' 5
''Chapter Outline''
The vision of a flying roll.
(1-4)
The vision of a woman and an ephah.
(5-11)
'''Verses''' 1-4
The Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are rolls, in which [[God]] has written the great things of his law and [[gospel]]; they are flying rolls. [[God]]'s word runs very swiftly, Ps 147:15. This flying roll contains a declaration of the righteous wrath of [[God]] against sinners. Oh that we saw with an eye of [[faith]] the flying roll of [[God]]'s curse hanging over the guilty [[world]] as a thick cloud, not only keeping off the sunbeams of [[God]]'s favour, but big with thunders, lightnings, and storms, ready to destroy them! How welcome then would the tidings of a [[Saviour]] be, who came to redeem us from the curse of the law, being himself made a curse for us! Sin is the ruin of houses and families; especially the doing hurt to others and false witness. Who knows the power of [[God]]'s anger? [[God]]'s curse cannot be kept out by bars or locks. While one part of the curse of [[God]] ruins the substance of the sinner, another part will rest on the soul, and sink it to everlasting punishment. All are transgressors of the law, so we cannot escape this wrath of [[God]], except we flee for refuge to lay hold on the [[hope]] set before us in the [[gospel]].
'''Verses''' 5-11
In this vision the prophet sees an ephah, something in the shape of a corn measure. This betokened the Jewish nation. They are filling the measure of their iniquity; and when it is full, they shall be delivered into the hands of those to whom [[God]] sold them for their sins. The woman sitting in the midst of the ephah represents the sinful [[church]] and nation of the [[Jews]], in their latter and corrupt age. Guilt is upon the sinner as a weight of lead, to sink him to the lowest hell. This seems to mean the condemnation of the [[Jews]], after they filled the measure of their iniquities by crucifying [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and rejecting his [[gospel]]. Zechariah sees the ephah, with the woman thus pressed in it, carried away to some far country. This intimates that the [[Jews]] should be hurried out of their own land, and forced to dwell in far countries, as they had been in Babylon. There the ephah shall be firmly placed, and their sufferings shall continue far longer than in their late captivity. Blindness is happened unto [[Israel]], and they are settled upon their own unbelief. Let sinners [[fear]] to treasure up wrath against the day of wrath; for the more they multiply crimes, the faster the measure fills.
----
'''Chapter''' 6
''Chapter Outline''
The vision of the chariots.
(1-8)
[[Joshua]], the high priest, crowned as a type of [[Christ]].
(9-15)
'''Verses''' 1-8
This vision may represent the ways of Providence in the government of this lower world. Whatever the providences of [[God]] about us are, as to public or private affairs, we should see them all as coming from between the mountains of brass, the immoveable counsels and decrees of [[God]]; and therefore reckon it as much our folly to quarrel with them, as it is our duty to submit to them. His providences move swiftly and strongly as chariots, but all are directed and governed by his infinite wisdom and sovereign will. The red horses signify war and bloodshed. The black, signify the dismal consequences of war, famines, pestilences, and desolations. The white, signify the return of comfort, [[peace]], and prosperity. The mixed colour, signify events of different complexions, a day of prosperity and a day of adversity. The angels go forth as messengers of [[God]]'s counsels, and ministers of his justice and [[mercy]]. And the secret motions and impulses upon the spirits of men, by which the designs of Providence are carried on, are these four spirits of the heavens, which go forth from [[God]], and fulfil what the [[God]] of the spirits of all flesh appoints. All the events which take place in the [[world]] spring from the unchangeable counsels of the [[Lord]], which are formed in unerring wisdom, perfect justice, truth, and goodness; and from history it is found that events happened about the period when this vision was sent to the prophet, which seem referred to therein.
'''Verses''' 9-15
Some [[Jews]] from Babylon brought an offering to the house of [[God]]. Those who cannot forward a good work by their persons, must, as they are able, forward it by their purses: if some find hands, let others fill them. Crowns are to be made, and put upon the head of [[Joshua]]. The sign was used, to make the promise more noticed, that [[God]] will, in the fulness of time, raise up a great High Priest, like [[Joshua]], who is but the figure of one that is to come. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is not only the Foundation, but the Founder of this temple, by his [[Spirit]] and grace. Glory is a burden, but not too heavy for Him to bear who upholds all things. The cross was His glory, and he bore that; so is the crown an exceeding weight of glory, and he bears that. The counsel of [[peace]] should be between the priest and the throne, between the priestly and kingly offices of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. The [[peace]] and welfare of the [[gospel]] [[church]], and of all [[believer]]s, shall be wrought, though not by two several persons, yet by two several offices meeting in one; [[Christ]], purchasing all [[peace]] by his priesthood, maintaining and defending it by his kingdom. The crowns used in this solemnity must be kept in the temple, as evidence of this promise of the [[Messiah]]. Let us not think of separating what [[God]] has joined in his counsel of [[peace]]. We cannot come to [[God]] by [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] as our Priest, if we refuse to have him rule over us as our King. We have no real ground to think our [[peace]] is made with [[God]], unless we try to keep his commandments.
----
'''Chapter''' 7
''Chapter Outline''
The captives' inquiry respecting fasting.
(1-7)
Sin the cause of their captivity.
(8-14)
'''Verses''' 1-7
If we truly desire to know the will of [[God]] in doubtful matters, we must not only consult his word and ministers, but seek his direction by fervent [[prayer]]. Those who would know [[God]]'s mind should consult [[God]]'s ministers; and, in doubtful cases, ask advice of those whose special business it is to search the Scriptures. The [[Jews]] seemed to question whether they ought to continue their fasts, seeing that the city and [[temple]] were likely to be finished. The first answer to their inquiry is a sharp reproof of hypocrisy. These fasts were not acceptable to [[God]], unless observed in a better manner, and to better purpose. There was the form of duty, but no life, or soul, or power in it. Holy exercises are to be done to [[God]], looking to his word as our rule, and his glory as our end, seeking to please him and obtain his favour; but self was the centre of all their actions. And it was not enough to weep on fast days; they should have searched the Scriptures of the prophets, that they might have seen what was the ground of [[God]]'s controversy with their fathers. Whether people are in prosperity or adversity, they must be called upon to leave their sins, and to do their duty.
'''Verses''' 8-14
[[God]]'s judgements upon [[Israel]] of old for their sins, were written to warn [[Christians]]. The duties required are, not keeping fasts and offering sacrifices, but doing justly and loving [[mercy]], which tend to the public welfare and [[peace]]. The law of [[God]] lays restraint upon the heart. But they filled their minds with prejudices against the word of [[God]]. Nothing is harder than the [[heart]] of a presumptuous sinner. See the fatal consequences of this to their fathers. Great sins against the [[Lord]] of hosts, bring great wrath from his power, which cannot be resisted. Sin, if regarded in the heart, will certainly spoil the success of [[prayer]]. The [[Lord]] always hears the cry of the broken-hearted penitent; yet all who die impenitent and unbelieving, will find no remedy or refuge from miseries which while here they despised and defied, but which they then will not be able to bear.
----
'''Chapter''' 8
''Chapter Outline''
The restoration of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-8)
The people encouraged by promises of [[God]]'s favour, and exhorted to [[holiness]].
(9-17)
The [[Jews]] in the latter days.
(18-23)
'''Verses''' 1-8
The sins of [[Zion]] were her worst enemies. [[God]] will take away her sins, and then no other enemies shall hurt her. Those who profess [[religion]] must adorn their profession by [[godliness]] and honesty. When become a city of truth and a mountain of [[holiness]], [[Jerusalem]] is [[peace]]able and prosperous. Verses #(4, 5), beautifully describe a state of great outward [[peace]], attended with plenty, temperance, and contentment. The scattered [[Israelites]] shall be brought together from all parts. [[God]] will never leave nor forsake them in a way of [[mercy]], for this he has promised them; and they shall never leave nor forsake him in a way of duty, as they have promised him. These promises were partly fulfilled in the Jewish [[church]], betwixt the captivity and the time of [[Christ]]'s coming; and they had fuller accomplishment in the [[gospel]] [[church]]; but the full import must be as to the future times of the [[Christian]] [[church]], or the future restoration of the [[Jews]]. With men this is impossible, but with [[God]] all things are possible; so far are [[God]]'s thoughts and ways above ours. In the present low state of vital [[godliness]], we can hardly conceive that so complete a change can be made; but a change thus extensive and glorious, can be brought to pass by the almighty power of the new-creating Spirit, in less time than he was pleased to employ in creating the world. Let the hands of all who labour in the cause of the [[gospel]] be strong, serving the [[Lord]] in true [[holiness]], assured that their labour shall not be in vain.
'''Verses''' 9-17
Those only who lay their hands to the plough of duty, shall have them strengthened with the promises of [[mercy]]: those who avoid their fathers' faults have the curse turned into a blessing. Those who believed the promises, were to show their [[faith]] by their works, and to wait the fulfilment. When [[God]] is displeased, he can cause trade to decay, and set every man against his neighbour; but when he returns in [[mercy]], all is happy and prosperous. Surely [[believer]]s in [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] must not trifle with the exhortation to put away lying, and to speak every man [[peace]] with his neighbour, to hate what the [[Lord]] hates, and to [[love]] that wherein he delights.
'''Verses''' 18-23
When [[God]] comes towards us in ways of [[mercy]], we must meet him with joy and thankfulness. Therefore be faithful and honest in all your dealings; and let it be a pleasure to you to be so, though thereby you come short of the gains others get dishonestly; and, as much as in you lies, live [[peace]]ably with all men. Let the truths of [[God]] rule in your heads, and let the [[peace]] of [[God]] rule in your hearts. Thus the ancient servants of [[God]] drew the notice of heathen neighbours, whose prejudices were softened. A great increase to the [[church]] shall be made. Hitherto the [[Jews]] had been prone to learn the idolatries of other nations: what more unlikely than that they should teach [[religion]] to their conquerors, and to all the principal nations of the earth! Yet this is expressly foretold, and it came to pass. Hitherto the prophecy has been wonderfully fulfilled, and no doubt future events will explain it further. It is good to be with those who have [[God]] with them; if we take [[God]] for our [[God]], we must take his people for our people, and be willing to take our lot with them. But let not any one think that mere zeal, either for [[Jews]] or [[Gentiles]], will stand in the place of personal [[religion]]. Let us be living epistles of [[Christ]], known and read of all men, so that others may wish to go with us, and to have their portion with us in the realms of bliss.
----
'''Chapter''' 9
''Chapter Outline''
[[God]]'s defence of his [[church]].
(1-8)
[[Christ]]'s coming and his kingdom.
(9-11)
Promises to the [[church]].
(12-17)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Here are judgements foretold on several nations. While the Macedonians and Alexander's successors were in warfare in these countries, the [[Lord]] promised to protect his people. [[God]]'s house lies in the midst of an enemy's country; his [[church]] is as a lily among thorns. [[God]]'s power and goodness are seen in her special preservation. The [[Lord]] encamps about his [[church]], and while armies of proud opposers shall pass by and return, his eyes watch over her, so that they cannot prevail, and shortly the time will come when no exactor shall pass by her any more.
'''Verses''' 9-17
The prophet breaks forth into a joyful representation of the coming of the [[Messiah]], of whom the ancient [[Jews]] explained this prophecy. He took the character of their King, when he entered [[Jerusalem]] amidst the hosannas of the multitude. But his kingdom is a spiritual kingdom. It shall not be advanced by outward force or carnal weapons. His [[gospel]] shall be preached to the world, and be received among the heathen. A sinful state is a state of bondage; it is a pit, or dungeon, in which there is no water, no comfort; and we are all by nature prisoners in this pit. Through the precious blood of [[Christ]], many prisoners of [[Satan]] have been set at liberty from the horrible pit in which they must otherwise have perished, without [[hope]] or comfort. While we admire Him, let us seek that his [[holiness]] and truth may be shown in our own spirits and conduct. These promises have accomplishment in the spiritual blessings of the [[gospel]] which we enjoy by [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. As the deliverance of the [[Jews]] was typical of redemption by [[Christ]], so this invitation speaks to all the language of the [[gospel]] call. Sinners are prisoners, but prisoners of hope; their case is sad, but not desperate; for there is [[hope]] in [[Israel]] concerning them. [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is a Strong-hold, a strong Tower, in whom [[believer]]s are safe from the [[fear]] of the wrath of [[God]], the curse of the law, and the assaults of spiritual enemies. To him we must turn with lively faith; to him we must flee, and [[trust]] in his name under all trials and sufferings. It is here promised that the [[Lord]] would deliver his people. This passage also refers to the apostles, and the preachers of the [[gospel]] in the early ages. [[God]] was evidently with them; his words from their lips pierced the hearts and consciences of the hearers. They were wondrously defended in persecution, and were filled with the influences of the [[Holy Spirit]]. They were saved by the Good Shepherd as his flock, and honoured as jewels of his crown. The gifts, graces, and consolations of the [[Spirit]], poured forth on the day of Pentecost, Ac 2 and in succeeding times, are represented. Sharp have been, and still will be, the conflicts of [[Zion]]'s sons, but their [[God]] will give them success. The more we are employed, and satisfied with his goodness, the more we shall admire the beauty revealed in the [[Redeemer]]. Whatever gifts [[God]] bestows on us, we must serve him cheerfully with them; and, when refreshed with blessings, we must say, How great is his goodness!
----
'''Chapter''' 10
''Chapter Outline''
Blessings to be sought from the [[Lord]].
(1-5)
[[God]] will restore his people.
(6-12)
'''Verses''' 1-5
Spiritual blessings had been promised under figurative allusions to earthly plenty. Seasonable rain is a great [[mercy]], which we may ask of [[God]] when there is most need of it, and we may look for it to come. We must in our [[prayer]]s ask for mercies in their proper time. The [[Lord]] would make bright clouds, and give showers of rain. This may be an exhortation to seek the influences of the [[Holy Spirit]], in [[faith]] and by [[prayer]], through which the blessings held forth in the promises are obtained and enjoyed. The prophet shows the folly of making addresses to [[idols]], as their fathers had done. The [[Lord]] visited the remnant of his flock in [[mercy]], and was about to renew their courage and strength for conflict and victory. Every creature is to us what [[God]] makes it to be. Every one raised to support the nation, as a corner-stone does the building, or to unite those that differ, as nails join the different timbers, must come from the [[Lord]]; and those employed to overcome their enemies, must have strength and success from him. This may be applied to Christ; to him we must look to raise up persons to unite, support, and defend his people. He never will say, Seek ye me in vain.
'''Verses''' 6-12
Here are precious promises to the people of [[God]], which look to the state of the [[Jews]], and even to the latter days of the [[church]]. Preaching the [[gospel]] is [[God]]'s call for souls to come to [[Jesus]] [[Christ]]. Those whom [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] redeemed by his blood, [[God]] will gather by his grace. Difficulties shall be got over easily, and effectually, as those in the way of the deliverance out of [[Egypt]]. [[God]] himself will be their strength, and their song. When we resist, and so overcome our spiritual enemies, then our hearts shall [[rejoice]]. If [[God]] strengthen us, we must bestir ourselves in all the duties of the [[Christian]] life, must be active in the work of [[God]]; and we must do all in the name of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]].
----
'''Chapter''' 11
''Chapter Outline''
Destruction to come upon the [[Jews]].
(1-3)
The [[Lord]]'s dealing with the [[Jews]].
(4-14)
The emblem and curse of a foolish shepherd.
(15-17)
'''Verses''' 1-3
In figurative expressions, that destruction of [[Jerusalem]], and of the Jewish [[church]] and nation, is foretold, which our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]], when the time was at hand, prophesied plainly and expressly. How can the fir trees stand, if the cedars fall? The falls of the wise and good into [[sin]], and the falls of the rich and great into trouble, are loud alarms to those every way their inferiors. It is sad with a people, when those who should be as shepherds to them, are as young lions. The pride of [[Jordan]] was the thickets on the banks; and when the river overflowed the banks, the lions came up from them roaring. Thus the doom of [[Jerusalem]] may alarm other [[church]]es.
'''Verses''' 4-14
[[Christ|Jesus Christ]] came into this [[world]] for judgment to the Jewish [[church]] and nation, which were wretchedly corrupt and degenerate. Those have their minds wofully blinded, who do ill, and justify themselves in it; but [[God]] will not hold those guiltless who hold themselves so. How can we go to [[God]] to beg a blessing on unlawful methods of getting wealth, or to return thanks for success in them? There was a general decay of [[religion]] among them, and they regarded it not. The Good Shepherd would feed his flock, but his attention would chiefly be directed to the poor. As an emblem, the prophet seems to have taken two staves; Beauty, denoted the privileges of the Jewish nation, in their national covenant; the other he called Bands, denoting the harmony which hitherto united them as the flock of [[God]]. But they chose to cleave to false teachers. The carnal mind and the friendship of the [[world]] are enmity to [[God]]; and [[God]] hates all the workers of iniquity: it is easy to foresee what this will end in. The prophet demanded wages, or a reward, and received thirty pieces of silver. By [[Divine]] direction he cast it to the potter, as in disdain for the smallness of the sum. This shadowed forth the bargain of Judas to betray [[Christ]], and the final method of applying it. Nothing ruins a people so certainly, as weakening the brotherhood among them. This follows the dissolving of the covenant between [[God]] and them: when [[sin]] abounds, [[love]] waxes cold, and civil contests follow. No wonder if those fall out among themselves, who have provoked [[God]] to fall out with them. Wilful contempt of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] is the great cause of men's ruin. And if professors rightly valued [[Christ]], they would not contend about little matters.
'''Verses''' 15-17
[[God]], having showed the misery of this people in their being justly left by the Good Shepherd, shows their further misery in being abused by foolish shepherds. The description suits the character [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] gives of the scribes and [[Pharisees]]. They never do any thing to support the weak, or comfort the feeble-minded; but seek their own ease, while they are barbarous to the flock. The idol shepherd has the garb and appearance of a shepherd, receives submission, and is supported at much expense; but he leaves the flock to perish through neglect, or leads them to ruin by his example. This suits many in different [[church]]es and nations, but the warning had an awful fulfilment in the Jewish teachers. And while such deceive others to their ruin, they will themselves have the deepest condemnation.
----
'''Chapter''' 12
''Chapter Outline''
Punishment of the enemies of [[Judah]].
(1-8)
[[Repentance]] and sorrow of the [[Jews]].
(9-14)
'''Verses''' 1-8
Here is a [[Divine]] prediction, which will be a heavy burden to all the enemies of the [[church]]. But it is for [[Israel]]; for their comfort and benefit. It is promised that [[God]] will make foolish the counsels, and weaken the courage of the enemies of the [[church]]. The exact meaning is not clear; but [[God]] often begins by calling the poor and despised; and in that day even the feeblest will resemble [[David]], and be as eminent in courage and every thing good. Desirable indeed is it that the examples and labours of [[Christians]] should render them as fire among wood, as a torch in a sheaf, to kindle the flame of [[Divine]] love, to spread [[religion]] on the right hand and on the left.
'''Verses''' 9-14
The day here spoken of, is the day of [[Jerusalem]]'s defence and deliverance, that glorious day when [[God]] will appear for the [[salvation]] of his people. In [[Christ]]'s first coming he bruised the serpent's head, and broke all the powers of darkness that fought against [[God]]'s kingdom among men. In his second coming he will complete their destruction, when he shall put down all opposing rule, principality, and power; and [[death]] itself shall be swallowed up in that victory. The [[Holy Spirit]] is gracious and merciful, and is the Author of all [[grace]] or [[holiness]]. He, also, is the [[Spirit]] of supplications, and shows men their ignorance, want, guilt, misery, and danger. At the time here foretold, the [[Jews]] will know who the crucified [[Jesus]] was; then they shall look by [[faith]] to him, and mourn with the deepest sorrow, not only in public, but in private, even each one separately. There is a holy mourning, the effect of the pouring out of the [[Spirit]]; a mourning for [[sin]], which quickens [[faith]] in [[Christ]], and qualifies for [[joy]] in [[God]]. This mourning is a fruit of the [[Spirit]] of grace, a proof of a work of [[grace]] in the soul, and of the [[Spirit]] of supplications. It is fulfilled in all who sorrow for sin after a godly sort; they look to [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] crucified, and mourn for him. Looking by [[faith]] upon the cross of [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] will cause us to mourn for [[sin]] after a godly sort.
----
'''Chapter''' 13
''Chapter Outline''
The Fountain for the remission of sins, The conviction of the false prophets.
(1-6)
The [[death]] of [[Christ]], and the saving of a remnant of the people.
(7-9)
'''Verses''' 1-6
In the time mentioned at the close of the foregoing Chapter, a fountain would be opened to the rulers and people of the [[Jews]], in which to wash away their sins. Even the atoning blood of [[Christ]], united with his sanctifying grace. It has hitherto been closed to the unbelieving nation of [[Israel]]; but when the [[Spirit]] of [[grace]] shall humble and soften their hearts, he will open it to them also. This fountain opened is the pierced side of [[Christ]]. We are all as an unclean thing. Behold a fountain opened for us to wash in, and streams flowing to us from that fountain. The blood of [[Christ]], and [[God]]'s [[pardon]] ing [[mercy]] in that blood, made known in the new covenant, are a fountain always flowing, that never can be emptied. It is opened for all [[believer]]s, who as the spiritual seed of [[Christ]], are of the house of [[David]], and, as living members of the [[church]], are inhabitants of [[Jerusalem]]. [[Christ]], by the power of his grace, takes away the dominion of [[sin]], even of beloved sins. Those who are washed in the fountain opened, as they are justified, so they are sanctified. Souls are brought off from the world and the flesh, those two great [[idols]], that they may cleave to [[God]] only. The thorough reformation which will take place on the conversion of [[Israel]] to [[Christ]], is here foretold. False prophets shall be convinced of their [[sin]] and folly, and return to their proper employments. When convinced that we are gone out of the way of duty, we must show the truth of our [[Repentance|repentance]] by returning to it again. It is well to acknowledge those to be friends, who by severe discipline are instrumental in bringing us to a sight of error; for faithful are the wounds of a friend, Pr 27:6. And it is always well for us to recollect the wounds of our [[Saviour]]. Often has he been wounded by professed friends, nay, even by his real disciples, when they act contrary to his word.
'''Verses''' 7-9
Here is a prophecy of the sufferings of [[Christ]]. [[God]] the Father gave order to the sword of his justice to awake against his Son, when he freely made his soul an offering for sin. As [[God]], he is called "my Fellow." [[Christ|Jesus Christ]] and the Father are one. He is the Shepherd who was to lay down his life for the sheep. If a Sacrifice, he must be slain, for without shedding of the life-blood there was no remission. This sword must awake against him, yet he had no [[sin]] of his own to answer for. It may refer to the whole of [[Christ]]'s sufferings, especially his agonies in the garden and on the cross, when he endured unspeakable anguish till [[Divine]] justice was fully satisfied. Smite the Shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered. This passage our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] declares was fulfilled, when all his disciples, in the night wherein he was betrayed, forsook him and fled. It has, and shall have its accomplishment, in the destruction of the corrupt and hypocritical part of the professed [[church]]. Because of the [[sin]] of the [[Jews]] in rejecting and crucifying [[Christ]], and in opposing his [[gospel]], the Romans would destroy the greater part. But a remnant would be saved. And if we are his people, we shall be refined as gold; he will be [[God]], and the end of all our trials and sufferings will be praise, and honour, and glory, at the appearing of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]].
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'''Chapter''' 14
''Chapter Outline''
The sufferings of [[Jerusalem]].
(1-7)
Encouraging prospects, and the destruction of her enemies.
(8-15)
The [[holiness]] of the latter days.
(16-21)
'''Verses''' 1-7
The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] often stood upon the Mount of Olives when on earth. He ascended from thence to heaven, and then desolations and distresses came upon the Jewish nation. Such is the view taken of this figuratively; but many consider it as a notice of events yet unfulfilled, and that it relates to troubles of which we cannot now form a full idea. Every [[believer]], being related to [[God]] as his [[God]], may triumph in the expectation of [[Christ]]'s coming in power, and speak of it with pleasure. During a long season, the state of the [[church]] would be deformed by sin; there would be a mixture of truth and error, of happiness and misery. Such is the experience of [[God]]'s people, a mingled state of [[grace]] and corruption. But, when the season is at the worst, and most unpromising, the [[Lord]] will turn darkness into light; deliverance comes when [[God]]'s people have done looking for it.
'''Verses''' 8-15
Some consider that the progress of the [[gospel]], beginning from [[Jerusalem]], is referred to by the living waters flowing from that city. Neither shall the [[gospel]] and means of grace, nor the graces of the [[Spirit]] wrought in the hearts of [[believer]]s by those means, ever fail, by reason either of the heat of persecution, or storms of temptation, or the blasts of any other affliction. Tremendous judgments appear to be foretold, to be sent upon those who should oppose the settlement of the [[Jews]] in their own land. How far they are to be understood literally, events alone can determine. The furious rage and malice which stir up men against each other, are faint shadows of the enmity which reigns among those who have perished in their sins. Even the inferior creatures often suffer for the [[sin]] of man, and in his plagues. Thus [[God]] will show his displeasure against sin.
'''Verses''' 16-21
As it is impossible for all nations literally to come to [[Jerusalem]] once a year, to keep a feast, it is evident that a figurative meaning must here be applied. [[Gospel]] [[worship]] is represented by the keeping of the feast of tabernacles. Every day of a [[Christian]]'s life is a day of the feast of tabernacles; every [[Lord]]'s day especially is the great day of the feast; therefore every day let us [[worship]] the [[Lord]] of hosts, and keep every [[Lord]]'s day with peculiar solemnity. It is just for [[God]] to withhold the blessings of [[grace]] from those who do not attend the means of grace. It is a [[sin]] that is its own punishment; those who forsake the duty, forfeit the privilege of communion with [[God]]. A time of complete [[peace]] and purity of the [[church]] will arrive. Men will carry on their common affairs, and their sacred services, upon the same holy principles of faith, [[love]] and obedience. Real [[holiness]] shall be more diffused, because there shall be a more plentiful pouring forth of the [[Spirit]] of [[holiness]] than ever before. There shall be [[holiness]] even in common things. Every action and every enjoyment of the [[believer]], should be so regulated according to the will of [[God]], that it may be directed to his glory. Our whole lives should be as one constant sacrifice, or act of devotion; no selfish motive should prevail in any of our actions. But how far is the [[Christian]] [[church]] from this state of purity! Other times, however, are at hand, and the [[Lord]] will reform and enlarge his [[church]], as he has promised. Yet in heaven alone will perfect [[holiness]] and happiness be found.
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[[Category:MHC Concise Bible Commentary|Book of Zechariah]]
